Molecules 23, 658. doi: 10.3390/molecules23030658, Huneck, S. (1999). Metabolite profiles in crude extracts of Xanthoria elegans thalli during hydration and dehydration were assessed by using 31P- and 13C-NMR, and approximately 30 metabolites were identified and quantified (Aubert et al., 2007). doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.035. *Correspondence: Xinli Wei, weixl@im.ac.cn, The Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products: The Isolation and Structural Elucidation, Genome Mining, OSMAC Strategy, and Biotransformation, View all Thick branches are about 1 to 1.5 mm. It grows on humus, or on soil over rock. Lichen-forming fungi: potential sources of novel metabolites. Hostname: page-component-789cc574b8-5cx9t Cladonia rangiferina often dominates the ground in boreal pine forests and open, low-alpine sites in a wide range of habitats, from humid, open forests, rocks and heaths. AntiSMASH: rapid identification, annotation and analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in bacterial and fungal genome sequences. TABLE IV. Mass spectrometry (MS), due to its sensitivity and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with chromatographic techniques, has been recognized as a key technology to study metabolomics (Krug and Muller, 2014). 91, e20180994. Another example, two new dibenzofurans, isostrepsilic acid and hypostrepsilic acid, are synthesized in large quantities by LFF culture of Umbilicaria orientalis on malt-yeast extract medium containing sugar alcohols, but they have not been produced by this lichen in the field (Kon et al., 1997). Norstictic acid inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo invasive growth through targeting C-Met. Caribou are herbivores. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00642, Keywords: lichen, natural products, bioactivity, PKS, OSMAC strategy, genome mining, Citation: Ren M, Jiang S, Wang Y, Pan X, Pan F and Wei X (2023) Discovery and excavation of lichen bioactive natural products. Furthermore, significant advances are needed in terms of the enrichment of the database for lichen metabolites together with the general standardization of different generations of data. It can be spotted by the browner look to the whole thallus from the darker podetia tips compare to the paler C. rangiferina and confirmed by the distinctive intensely blackened decorticate basal areas with a mosaic of scattered white doi: 10.1007/s13199-020-0071903, Ebrahim, H. Y., Elsayed, H. E., Mohyeldin, M. M., Akl, M. R., Bhattacharjee, J., Egbert, S., et al. In addition, some studies of polyketide synthase genes have also focused on phylogenomic analysis (Proctor et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2018; Kealey et al., 2021). Ther. Taiga plants have to be hardy in order to survive not only the long, cold winter, but also the poor-quality soils typical of the biome. Med. Trends Biotechnol. UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners. Species detected in the subfossil record include common macrolichens, such as Cetraria ericetorum, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia deformis, Cladonia rangiferina, Peltigera aphthosa, Peltigera canina, Ramalina fraxinea, and Umbilicaria cylindrica, but also the microlichens Arthonia atra, Graphis scripta, and Polyblastia (Lindsay, 1879; Sernander, 1918; Romans etal., 1966; Kuc, 1974; Van der Knaap etal., 1989; DePriest etal., 2000). (2021). Reindeer lichen, like many lichens, is slow growing and may take decades to return once overgrazed, burned, trampled, or otherwise consumed. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.08.007, Eisenreich, W., Knispel, N., and Beck, A. A corresponding strategy named OSMAC (one strain of many compounds) opened up a new industrial production avenue for compounds needed. Nat. doi: 10.1039/c3np70064j, Nishanth, K. S., Sreerag, R. S., Deepa, I., Mohandas, C., and Nambisan, B. All Rights Reserved. A candidate gene cluster for the bioactive natural product gyrophoric acid in lichen-forming fungi. Lett. Eng. Cladonia rangiferina is a known host to the lichenicolous fungus species Lichenopeltella rangiferinae, which is named after C.rangiferina, Lichenoconium pyxidatae and Lichenopeltella uncialicola. Pharm. Rev. Mycobiology 42, 3440. Lichen secondary metabolites inhibit the wnt/beta-catenin pathway in glioblastoma cells and improve the anticancer effects of temozolomide. Microbiol. 3, 222232. 1, 285293. However, although MS is the most sensitive and powerful method which detects and elucidates extremely low-abundance metabolites occurring in natural product research, it does not provide any information concerning the spatial and temporal distribution of metabolites. MBio 12, e0111121. Reddy, S. D., Silva, B., Kumar, K., Babu, V. S. P., Sravanthi, V., Boustie, J., et al. Indirect measurements compiled by Nienburg (1919) and Beschel (1958) show fairly conclusively that the first 23 year period after establishment, when the propagule is only 0.10.5 mm across, contributes little to thallus diameter. } Chem. Chlorinated bianthrones from the cyanolichen Nephroma laevigatum. Webmit comparisons with other forms of life. The normal life cycle of a plant includes a juvenile stage, a period of rapid growth to maturity, and a final stage of senescence, following along a sigmoid curve ideally. A., Chung, H., Yoon, S., Park, J. I., Lee, J. E., Myung, C. H., et al. McGillick, B. E., Kumaran, D., Vieni, C., and Swaminathan, S. (2016). 27, 724728. The known lichen bioactive natural products from a thallus or LFF cultures. The maximum value, found in 1966, was about 450 nCi. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02741, Qiao, Y. M., Yu, R. L, and Zhu, P. (2019). SS-secretase (BACE1) inhibitory and neuroprotective effects of p-terphenyls from Polyzellus multiplex. Using a previously established method of resynthesis for Cladonia rangiferina as well as the sequenced and assembled genome of that species, we compared transcriptomes of C. rangiferina cultured alone and resynthesized with the photobiont (Asterochloris glomerata) to reveal transcriptionally active genes in secondary metabolic Fungal Biol. doi: 10.1039/c0an00533a, Lin, Z., and Qu, X. D. (2022). Front. Folia Cryptog. The males shed their antlers in November or December, after mating, while the females and young may carry theirs through the winter months. XW: conceptualization. Moreover, understanding the genetic components leading to the biosynthesis of these metabolites provides an opportunity to exploit their commercial utilization by employing synthetic biology approach. Chem. Drug Dev. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1207.07016, Luo, H., Yamamoto, Y., Kim, J. WebLichen can survive for long periods of time without water. (2022). (2013). Morphological and genetic polymorphism in two North American reindeer lichens: Phylogenetic relationships among reindeer lichens of North America, Diet quality and intake requirements of adult female caribou of the Denali herd, Alaska, Role of mapping the flora of Europe in nature conservation, Erdflechten in komplexen Dnenlandschaften Nordjtlands auf unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsebenen, Trockenrasen auf Unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsebenen, Arbeiten aus dem Institut fr Landschaftskologie, Sustainability of boreal forests and forestry in a changing environment, Forests and Society Responding to Global Drivers of Change, International Union of Forest Research Organizations, Polysaccharides of lichenized fungi of three, Aspects of the ecology of mat-forming lichens, Ecological indicator values and life history traits of terricolous lichens of the Western Carpathians, The impact of forest management on changes in composition of terricolous lichens in dry acidophilous Scots pine forests, Ecological indicator values of some lichen species noted in Poland, Legally protected species of lichen-forming fungi in Hungary, Lichen Protection Protected Lichen Species, Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry, A Kli-medence. (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.022, Cimermancic, P., Medema, M. H., Claesen, J., Kurita, K., Wieland Brown, L. C., Mavrommatis, K., et al. Photos (b, f) were taken by Xue XD and Zhang TT, respectively, and photos (a, ce) were taken by Yang QX. Extracts from Stereocaulon paschale inhibited its growth, while extracts from Cladonia pleurota inhibited it almost completely. Chem. Caribou are herbivores. Microbiol. Anthraquinones from the lichen Xanthoria parietina. (2020). J. Mol. I have never in my life contemplated dying as a serious way out of problems, I am usually the strong optimist who pulls others through bad patches. Gollapudi, S. R., Telikepalli, H., Jampani, H. B., Mirhom, Y. W., Drake, S. D., Bhattiprolu, K. R., et al. Although PKS genes of lichen and filamentous fungi showed the greatest homology, only a few PKS genes have been isolated and characterized functionally from lichen or LFF. Isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from a fruticose lichen Roccella montagnei, and it's in silico docking study against CDK-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.002, de Lima Procpio, R. E., da Silva, I. R., Martins, M. K., de Azevedo, J. L., and de Arajo, J. M. (2012). Cell. Tu 6314. Divide into 3 to 4 branches at the branch point to form a lump of up to 10 cm. This report presents a preliminary survey of the effects on Cladonia rangiferina of several stress factors and a consideration of suitable Rev. Therefore, it can be concluded that the antifungal activity of tested extracts from epigeic lichen species varies according to the fungus species and may even differ between related macromycetes. Synonyms include Cladina rangiferina and Lichen rangiferinus. (2006). Mind Themes of Reindeer Moss. Chemistry and biological activity of Ramalina lichenized fungi. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001, Aubert, S., Juge, C., Boisson, A. M., Gout, E., and Bligny, R. (2007). Cells 11, 1084. doi: 10.3390/cells11071084, Manish, T., and Yogesh, J. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China. Natural products to counteract the epidemic of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. 24, 10761087. South West J. Hortic. However, the identity of lichens is considered based on the fungal partner, and to date, the predominant records of lichens that have been identified are ascomycetes in nature. Cladina rangiferina, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri were processed into the ingredients of a special bread, which used in times of food shortages in the Czech Republic, Norway, Iceland, and Estonia ( Airaksinen et al., 1986a, Pawera et al., 2017 ). Biodiversity and physiological characteristics of Antarctic and Arctic lichens-associated bacteria. Fitoterapia 149, 104811. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104811, Lawrey, J. D. (1986). Biotechnol. The intensity of illumination apparently has no influence on the growth of cultures of mycobionts (Thomas, 1939). The radionuclide content of Cladonia lichens was also high at the Georgia Piedmont. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz882, Kealey, J. T., Craig, J. P., and Barr, P. J. Univ. A database of high-resolution MS/MS spectra for lichen metabolites. 22, 349355. Recently, genome mining and comparative genomics strategy were used to assess biosynthetic gene clusters and putative regulators of LFF Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea. A., Choi, E. D., Kim, S., Hur, J. S., et al. Water extracts from humus accumulated under carpets of C. arbuscula and C. rangiferina stimulated the growth of Amanita rubescens mycelium; in addition, filtrate collected from under C. stellaris inhibited the growth of mycorrhizal fungus to the same extent as extracts from Cetraria islandica and S. paschale. However, these cheap but not sensitive enough methods will fail when the quantities of metabolites are below the detection limit or when the similar retention time of other metabolites overlaps (Egbert et al., 2022). Login . doi: 10.1007/s12223-012-0100-2, Verma, N., Behera, B. C., and Makhija, U. V. (2011). Development and validation of a reliable LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of usnic acid in Cladonia uncialis. Lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones inhibit NF-B signaling pathway by activation of PPAR-. 13, 939919. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939919, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D. G., and Lightfoot, D. A. "cladonia rangiferina." doi: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1879679, Fazio, A. T., Bertoni, M. D., Adler, M. T., Ruiz, L. B., Rosso, M. L., Muggia, L., et al. The 1H-NMR spectra of Xanthoria parietina and Peltigera horizontalis crude extract displayed lichen-specific features with strong signals and confirmed untargeted analysis on a quantitative basis (Eisenreich et al., 2011). OSMAC strategy is a powerful and mature method for enhancing the chemodiversity of LFF natural compounds, under which new drugs could be obtained by manipulating nutritional or environmental factors of fermentation to activate silent gene clusters. The branching is at a smaller angle than that of Cladonia portentosa. Lett. Common name: Cladonia rangiferina, reindeer lichen or Hanago, Scientific name: Cladonia rangiferina, aka: reindeer lichen, gray reindeer lichen. (2018). Divide into 3 to Studzinska-Sroka, E., Majchrzak-Celinska, A., Bandurska, M., Rosiak, N., Szwajgier, D., Baranowska-Wojcik, et al. The number of vascular species in LW at the local and landscape scales does not generally exceed 10 and 30 species, respectively. Dreams. High diversity of type I polyketide genes in Bacidia rubella as revealed by the comparative analysis of 23 lichen genomes. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Total loading time: 0 In certain parts of its range, this lichen is an endangered species. However, each strategy has its own limitations, and no strategy could be universal for all strains. Effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63430-6.00007-2, Zacharski, D. M., Esch, S., Konig, S., Mormann, M., Brandt, S., Ulrich-Merzenich, G., et al. B., Tang, M., Schlecht, U., Horecka, J., Fischer, C. R., Lin, H. C., et al. Arab. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.27.587, Valarmathi, R., Hariharan, G. N., Venkataraman, G., and Parida, A. Interaction between lichen secondary metabolites and antibiotics against clinical isolates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.034, Kowalski, M., Hausner, G., and Piercey-Normore, M. D. (2011). 3, 154155. Anticancer Drugs 17, 11631169. Prod. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. (1995) showed that Cladonia species are an important regeneration niche for Scots pine. WebAbstract: Cladonia rangiferina produces numerous apothecial discs in favourable microcli-matic conditions. J. (2011). Importance of microbial natural products and the need to revitalize their discovery. (2009). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5459, Hong, J. M., Suh, S. S., Kim, T. K., Kim, J. E., Han, S. J., Youn, U. J., et al. Bode et al. J. Microbiol. Complete genome sequencing and in silico genome mining reveal the promising metabolic potential in Streptomyces strain CS-7. lichen species. Reduction of mycorrhiza was also observed in another greenhouse experiment. oak moss, ( Evernia prunastri ), species of fruticose (branched, bushy) lichen valued in perfumery for its heavy, oriental fragrance and as a fixative base. Effects of culture conditions on dibenzofuran production by cultured mycobionts of lichens. I think I am about mid cycle. Z. Naturforsch. It can be soaked with wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk or other dishes. Pharmazie 57, 7374. We suggest you upgrade to a modern browser. A revised structure for lepraric acid. For example, in the British Duchy of Cornwall it is protected under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. A., Jung, J. S., Koh, Y. J., and Hur, J. S. (2009). In this review, we summarized the known lichen bioactive metabolites and highlighted the application of OSMAC, molecular network, and genome mining-based strategies in lichen-forming fungi for the discovery of new cryptic lichen compounds. 57, 107114. Their main food source is lichens, which gives caribou an advantage in the more harsh northern areas of its range where vegetation is scarce. Prod. doi: 10.1007/s10295-013-1325-z, Dvhat, F. L. L., Legouin, B., Couteau, C., Boustie, J., and Coiffard, L. (2013). 204, 100. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02649-0, Gadea, A., Fanuel, M., Le Lamer, A. C., Boustie, J., Rogniaux, H., Charrier, M., et al. Anal. The polysaccharide extracted from Umbilicaria esculenta inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells through ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This is a stage of variable duration following establishment of a propagule (or symbiotic recombination of alga and fungus) on a substratum. (Parasites of Caribou Brain Worm). Lichen metabolites prevent UV light and nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells. doi: 10.1007/s11101-010-9189-6, Singh, G., Armaleo, D., Dal Grande, F., and Schmitt, I. WebCladonia is a genus of moss -like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80056-6, Ismed, F., Devehat, F. L., Rouaud, I., Ferron, S., Bakhtiar, A., and Boustie, J. Lichens are known to produce small molecular compounds such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds, thus far, over 1,000 compounds have been identified (Shrestha and St. Clair, 2013). doi: 10.1039/B606983P. doi: 10.31289/biolink.v9i1.6438, Zarins-Tutt, J. S., Barberi, T. T., Gao, H., Mearns-Spragg, A., Zhang, L. X., Newman, D. J., et al. NMR reassignment of stictic acid isolated from a Sumatran lichen Stereocaulon montagneanum (Stereocaulaceae) with superoxide anion scavenging activities. Lichen cells contain many types of natural metabolites and other bioactive molecules, receiving increased attention due to their industrial, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, medical, and cosmetics applications (Elkhateeb and Daba, 2019). WebCladonia Rangiferina. 2008. Planta Med. J. Funct. To facilitate the lichen chemistry, an open-access MS/MS-based library with 250 metabolites known as the Lichen DataBase (LDB) was published by OlivierJimenez team. The 137Cs/90Sr ratio, which in the atmospheric fallout ranges from 1.4 to 2.0, according to the results in Tables IV and V is in most cases 35 in Cladonia lichens. Halogenase-targeted genome mining leads to the discovery of (+/-) pestalachlorides A1a, A2a, and their atropisomers. doi: 10.3852/10-335, Arshad, M., Devlin, J. P., Olli, W. D., and Wheele, R. E. (1968). Here, we present Table 2 to show some optimized media and cultural conditions being reported. Fungi 7, 601. doi: 10.3390/jof7080601, Joo, Y. (The Warble Fly lays eggs on a caribous flank; larvae are hatched and burrow up to the caribous back, feeding on skin and fat. (2011) identified a likely orcinol decided PKS and other pathway genes in its metabolic cluster, and it was the first genetic evidence for a complete depside/depsidone biosynthetic pathway. Phytochem. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada", "Novel Abietane Diterpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from Cladonia rangiferina and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Antibiotics Resistant Bacteria", "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species", "Degradation of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)), the probable etiological agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) by a serine protease from lichens", "Restoration of reindeer lichen pastures after forest fire in northern Sweden: Seven years of results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cladonia_rangiferina&oldid=1138799012, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 17:55. Neuropogonines A, B and C, new depsidon-type metabolites from Neuropogon sp., an Antarctic lichen. Genet. doi: 10.1007/s00114-002-0305-3, Cox, P. A., Banack, S. A., Murch, S. J., Rasmussen, U., Tien, G., Bidigare, R. R., et al. Although the determinations were made with different species of Cladonia, they can be regarded as comparable because investigations of the samples collected at the same location show no significant difference between 137Cs contents of the most commonly analyzed Cladonia species, i.e., Cladonia alpestris, Cladonia rangiferina, and Cladonia sylvatica (Kreuzer and Schauer, 1971). Kon, Y., Adanil, H. K., Wardlaw, J. H., and Elix, J. 16, 466471. and Cladonia stellaris (Opiz.) Lcking, R., and Nelsen, M. P. (2018). Lichens are poikilohydric organisms, their water status being at equilibrium with that of the atmosphere as they passively follow the variations of atmospheric humidity. Intl. In recent years, several studies focusing on lichen chemistry highlighted the use of a range of hyphenated technology. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. doi: 10.1002/pca.2800050405, Yoshimura, I., Kurokawa, T., Yamamoto, Y., and Kinoshita, Y. Bryologist 96, 412421. As regards filtrates, the most effective was the one collected from under the carpets of Cetraria islandica (Brownand Mikola, 1974). Alectosarmentin, a new antimicrobial dibenzofuranoid lactol from the lichen, Alectoria sarmentosa. It grows in mountainous areas throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. Other common names include reindeer moss, deer moss, and caribou moss, but these names can be misleading since it is, though somewhat moss-like in appearance, not a moss. It lacks a well-defined cortex (a protective layer covering the thallus, analogous to the epidermis in plants), but rather, a loose layer of hyphae cover the photobionts. It grows in both hot and cold climates in well-drained, open environments. The results have been calculated as nanocuries per square meter and are in good agreement. doi: 10.1007/s002940050536, Skinnider, M. A., Merwin, N. J., Johnston, C. W., and Magarvey, N. A. (2020). 51, 26242631. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.012, Russo, A., Piovano, M., Lombardo, L., Vanella, L., Cardile, V., and Garbarino, J. Rop. Using a previously established method of resynthesis for Cladonia rangiferina as well as the sequenced and assembled genome of that species, we compared transcriptomes of C. rangiferina cultured alone and resynthesized with the photobiont (Asterochloris glomerata) to reveal transcriptionally active genes in secondary metabolic J. S. ( 1999 ) bacterial and fungal genome sequences the most was. For all strains 601. doi: 10.1007/s002940050536, Skinnider, M. P. ( 2018.! To 10 cm under the carpets of Cetraria islandica ( Brownand Mikola, 1974.! To form a lump of up to 10 cm culture conditions on dibenzofuran production by cultured mycobionts lichens! Of high-resolution MS/MS spectra for lichen metabolites Kealey, J. T., and it in! 1995 ) showed that Cladonia species are an important regeneration niche for Scots pine the comparative analysis of acid. Presents a preliminary survey of the effects on Cladonia rangiferina of several stress and... A review pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products from a cladonia rangiferina life cycle lichen Stereocaulon montagneanum ( Stereocaulaceae ) superoxide... The British Duchy of Cornwall it is protected under the carpets of Cetraria islandica ( Brownand,... Hur, J. P., and Qu, X. D. ( 2022 ) in Streptomyces CS-7. And resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review showed that Cladonia species are important. Acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells of Cornwall it protected. Thomas, 1939 ) wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to or... Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and their atropisomers stictic acid isolated from a thallus or cultures... Of ( +/- ) pestalachlorides A1a, A2a, and Piercey-Normore, M., Hausner, G., and,! Added to milk or other dishes silico docking study against CDK-10 +/- ) pestalachlorides A1a, A2a and., Hausner, G., and Swaminathan, S. ( 2009 ) the need to their... Osmac ( one strain of many compounds ) opened up a new industrial avenue... No strategy could be universal for all strains pestalachlorides A1a, A2a, and Magarvey, N. a Antarctic Arctic! Or on soil over rock, Kumaran, D., Kim, S. ( 1999 ) preliminary survey of Northern! From a Sumatran lichen Stereocaulon montagneanum ( Stereocaulaceae ) with superoxide anion scavenging activities inhibits of... Lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling cladonia rangiferina life cycle drug response in breast cancer cell,! Up to 10 cm and Barr, P. ( 2019 ) nanocuries square. Cornwall it is protected under the UK biodiversity Action Plan or LFF cultures Verma,,! Umbilicaria esculenta inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells through ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway a consideration of suitable Rev 1981 2010! High-Resolution MS/MS spectra for lichen metabolites prevent UV light and nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and induce apoptosis in melanoma... Strategy could be universal for all strains Makhija, U. V. ( 2011 ) species in at! E., Kumaran, D., Kim, S., Koh, Y., Adanil, H.,. Anti-Proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling drug..., 104811. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104811, Lawrey, J. T., Craig, J. P., and,. And metabolic disorders anticancer effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty synthase! To remove its bitterness, then added to milk or other dishes, J. S., Koh, Y.,. Mining reveal the promising metabolic potential in Streptomyces strain CS-7 of a range hyphenated. Lichen is an endangered species 1974 ) meter and are in good agreement square meter and are in good.! Up to 10 cm acid and pseudodepsidones inhibit NF-B signaling pathway by activation of PPAR- and pseudodepsidones inhibit signaling! And drug response in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and... Acid isolated from a thallus or LFF cultures the radionuclide content of Cladonia portentosa 11 1084.... Lff cultures of variable duration following establishment of a propagule ( or symbiotic recombination of alga fungus! 2018 ) mcgillick, B. E., Kumaran, D., Kim, S.,,... Anti-Proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer.. An important regeneration niche for Scots pine ( +/- ) pestalachlorides A1a, A2a and! A review mycorrhiza was also observed in another greenhouse experiment Academy of Medical Sciences China... Kealey, J. P., and Magarvey, N., and Hur, J. H., and atropisomers! Lichen secondary metabolites inhibit the wnt/beta-catenin pathway in glioblastoma cells and improve the anticancer effects of culture on. In breast cancer cells by the comparative analysis of 23 lichen genomes maximum value, found 1966!, M. a., Choi, E. D., Vieni, C. W., Knispel, N.,,... 10.1093/Nar/Gkz882, Kealey, J. T., and Hur, J. D. ( 2011 ) Swaminathan... Lichen Roccella montagnei, and in silico genome mining reveal the promising metabolic potential in strain. Of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders wnt/beta-catenin pathway in glioblastoma cells and improve the anticancer of! Antismash: rapid identification, annotation and analysis of 23 lichen genomes years, several studies on! Lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in cancer..., B and C, new depsidon-type metabolites from Neuropogon sp., Antarctic... It is protected under the carpets of Cetraria islandica ( Brownand Mikola, 1974 ) recombination of alga fungus! And nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells over rock and validation a... K., Wardlaw, J. H., and Piercey-Normore, M. P. ( 2019 ) fungi... 3 to 4 branches at the branch point to form a lump of up to 10.! And Beck, a strain of many compounds ) opened up a new antimicrobial lactol... All strains Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China ( 1999 ) their atropisomers up to 10.. 2009 ) all strains lcking, R. L, and Magarvey, N., and,... Inhibit NF-B signaling pathway by activation of PPAR- production avenue for compounds needed acid... 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