of the Army 1st Cavalry Division went to Vietnam aboard the baby flattops Capture and Release The overloaded port facilities and the operational necessity to selectively discharge cargo to get high priority cargo ashore before less urgently required items resulted in excessive ship turn-around time which increased the total number of ships required. Another problem that exists while using the helicopters is the possibility of ordnance being dropped and lost to the ocean. If the body of water in which the cross deck is going to take place is not agreeable, i.e. This list may not reflect recent changes. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; based upon the primary hazard inherent to each type of explosive. USNS Howze was one of many MSTS ships involved in "Passage State, and the SS Ocean Cloud. USS BUTTE served her country for 27 years, 5 months and 20 days, until decommissioned on 3 JUN 1996. The ships will transfer cargo - ammunition, food, fuel, spare parts, and expendable supplies and material - to station ships and other naval forces at sea. NDRF, established pursuant to the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 (50 U.S.C. Just as in World War II and The Navy also used helicopters for vertical replenishment. Marine Medals var container = document.getElementById(slotId); war, with the first 2,000 coming on the MSTS Mann in March 1965. The British steamship Fort Stikine, carrying 1,400 tons of munitions and cotton, caught fire while docked in Bombay, India. Also the inadequate and insecure railroads and highways forced the distribution system to rely heavily on shallow draft vessels for transshipment of cargo between the Saigon Port and other locations, and intratheater airlift between Tan Son Nhut air terminal and other locations. USS Pictor (AF-54) [Auxiliary Stores Ship] entered . The list contains five categories of ships that operated on the waters of Vietnam. In December 1964 Mount Katmai commenced an extensive overhaul period, including installation of increased communications capabilities and a helicopter deck for vertical replenishment. var ffid = 1; Unfortunately, after the collision, a fire started, and the crewmen tried to put it out rather than scuttle the ship. US Forces were accused many times of improper port clearance because this equipment was olive drab in color. Located in: Stanhope, New Jersey, United States. In February 1951 the Military Their primary task is replenishment of ammunition at sea, since most warships were fully loaded with munitions prior to initially leaving port. Center, Department of the Navy, 1994 of ships and had charter agreements with commercial shipping firms. cost of $570 million. Compiled from 10 years of Naval The resolution of these difficulties was relatively easy when compared to those faced in Vietnam. May 12, 1975, the SS Mayaguez was seized by Kmer Rouge. On The USS Haleakala (AE-25) was launched on 17 February 1959 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation in Baltimore, Maryland and was sponsored by Mrs. Maurice E. Curts, wife of Vice Admiral Maurice Curts. below 8.0 million pounds is critical for both anchorage and portside download vice in-stream discharge. You may not use more than The only thing that prevented a larger loss of life was that the accident site was isolated from the large population centers of San Francisco and Oakland. Following inspections and loadout, Vesuvius deployed again on 31 July 1968. For example, during one military unit movement, two GAA vessels' sailing dates were each delayed more than 1 week because of crew shortages, which resulted in late arrivals of the two vessels at destinations in Southeast Asia by 8 days and 15 days s respectively. ins.dataset.adClient = pid; The T-AKE is a dry cargo/ammunition ship that will be operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. During the early 1960s, MSTS ships Core (T-AKV 13) and Card (T-AKV 40) transported Army helicopter units to South Vietnam. On 26 February 1965, the ship departed San Francisco, underway to a new war zone to replenish 7th Fleet ships. Risking an ammo ship in the attack transport area signified that her mission was to provide re-supply ammunition to the troops which had landed. Kenneth Loveland, in command During the Vietnam War USS Mauna Kea participated in the following campaigns: 685 - Original Vietnam era M1956 Small Arms Ammo Case, Magazine Pouch - canvas. their country. Each of the services had an inventory control point which controls and distributes that service's ammunition. These mariners The lack of adequate ports and port facilities in Vietnam required initially that all ammunition had to be offloaded onto barges and lighters for transport to shore. The pig is heavy and the gun team members would often take turns car Continue Reading 674 12 62 And in celebrating her 30 th anniversary, USS Pyro entered a new era with the addition of female crew members. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 2 US Military Vietnam Era M1956 Canvas Ammo Magazine Pouch Set at the best online prices at eBay! The most notable assets to using the LCAC are easy loading and offloading capability and access to magazines. Without a Front." Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Lot integrity was maintained by ships' holds to the maximum extent practicable. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Black Tom was serving as a major munitions depot. ins.style.display = 'block'; container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; var ins = document.createElement('ins'); Stores ships provided food and other resources to strengthen Sailors bodies and morale. Also, during this period, several other ports throughout Vietnam were in the construction phase. supplies, and more. [Your webmistress arrived in the United States in 1949 @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { The Jersey fired 3,615 16-inch shells and nearly 11,000 5-inch shells in bombardment missions off North Vietnam from September 1968 to March 1969. By 1967 as troops rotated to Vietnam in small groups or individually, fewer soldiers went by surface; most were airlifted to the theater. Headquarters Support Activity Saigon never knew from day to day how many berths or which berths would be made available to them for the unloading of U.S. cargo. Ammunition is delivered by slings on ship-to-ship cables, and by helicopters. Mount Katmai received nine battle stars for Korean service and nine for Vietnam service. U.S. }, Page last modified: Following the armistice, Mount Katmai returned to CONUS for overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard. US Army cargo was unloaded by Vietnamese civilian stevedores at berths assigned by the civilian port authority. Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) aircraft carrier Windham Bay, USS Firedrake (AE-14) during an underway replenishment with USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam circa 1963. a few lines without permission. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); The latter operators stated that their ships were needed to satisfy commercial commitments. During the same period, GAA vessels made 1,464 voyages and carried over 7.8 million measurement tons or 27 percent of all MSTS cargo carried, from the United States to Southeast Asia. For example, a military 1000-pound bomb might weigh 1000 pounds, but it contains only 385 pounds of explosive material. Coordination of military cargo unloading and port clearance was handled by the Navy's Headquarters Support Activity Saigon. Breton. Hence, you might see a given shipment listed as "1.1C", or "1.5D", etc. As a result, cargo ships of the Military Sealift Command (MSC), costing thousands of dollars a day, were forced to sit idle waiting to be worked. Repeated efforts to get South Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful. Commander, the Pioneer Contender and the Navy's U.S.S. USNS Kula Gulf and Point Cruz which were taken out of mothballs ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; It continued this practice throughout the war. Some of the cargo being received by South Vietnam was US Military Aid equipment which became South Vietnam equipment as it was unloaded. The reduction in N.E.W. var alS = 1021 % 1000; SIRIBACHI deployed numerous times to the "MED", "Carib" and "IO". In the case of a commercial shipment, NEW would refer to the weight of ONLY the explosive material in the shipment, not the gross weight of the shipment. In 1965 Air Force tonnage alone increased from 2,576 short tons in January to 23,000 Short tons in December 1965. Personnel casualties on Mount Hood and on other vessels totalled 45 known dead, 327 missing and 371 injured. U.S.S. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the carriers on Yankee and Dixie Stations. This problem was further complicated by the reluctance of seamen to sail on GAA vessels -- primarily because of the relatively poor condition of these older vessels in comparison with the more modern privately owned vessels and because of the reluctance of seamen to sail to Southeast Asia. This list may not reflect recent changes . on the USAT General R. L. Howze as a refugee of World War II.]. . materiel including tanks, airplanes, ammunition, and food -- including USS Okinawa (LPH-3) Landing Platform Helictoper / Amphibious Assault Ship. This means that the accessibility of in-stream discharge lighterage out of sector will be extremely limited. The USS SURIBACHI (AE-21), a Suribachi-class ammunition ship, was commissioned on 17 NOV 1956. Beginning in fiscal year 1970, the funds and personnel of Far East military ocean terminals were severely cut to a level where the ports had to decrease operating hours and thereby increased the ships' time in port. This decision improved the discharge rate of ammunition ships almost 100 percent, allowing discharge offloading time to be decreased from seven days to four days. This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; of Vietnam, MSTS evacuated Vietnamese refugees from North to South Vietnam. In February and March of 1968, receipts exceeded 100,000 short tons per month. It, therefore, evisioned a time when the merchant fleet will no longer have sufficient break-bulk capability to meet military contingency requirements, and it was concerned as to how this capability can be maintained. ins.style.display = 'block'; During the Vietnam War, USS Pyro supported the Seventh Fleet in combatant missions. Page last modified: After shakedown and fitting out, Mount Katmai reported to Commander Service Force Atlantic Fleet on 8 September 1945. She participated in type and 1st Fleet training operations until 1 June when she deployed to WestPac. Two new depots were established inland at less populated sites near Savanna, Illinois, and Ogden, Utah. In the earlier years of the war MTMTS shipped soldiers by surface from its Western Area (primarily Oakland). Merchant Marine served It was apparent that additional port facilities would be required in the Saigon area. The US Navy's Military Sealift Command (named MSC in September 1970) and its predecessor, the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), supported U.S forces throughout the conflict in Southeast Asia. Airlift was used to move the great majority of troops and priority cargo, which accounted for only a small part of the total tonnage moved. On the morning of Dec. 6, 1917, a tremendous blast ripped through the sleepy town of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Haleakala was commissioned 3 November 1959, with Captain Miles P. Refo, III in . in Action and presumed dead. The problem was further aggravated by a shortage of shallow draft vessels both military (LCMs and LCUs) and civilian assets, which were used for offloading cargo from deep draft vessels at ports not having adequate berthing facilities for the larger ships. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Heavy weather and faulty cargo stowage by the Bangor Munitions Depot caused bombs to start breaking loose. the coast of Vietnam to provide aircraft maintenance facilities. Kings Pointer, Fall 1982, Merchant USS Mount Katmai (AE-16) was a Mount Hood-class ammunition ship of the United States Navy, that saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. SS Neva West. Merchant Marine, Military 900 0 obj <>stream Detonation velocity of division 1.1 material is approximately 10k to 30k feet per second. Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging the SS Meredith Victory were added as troop carriers. On the night of 9-10 July 1943, an Allied armada of 2,590 vessels launched one of the largest combined operations of World War II- the invasion of Sicily. The 1st Logistical Command made this known to Commander U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, who directed his staff to develop plans for the facilities now known as Newport. MSTS operated a fleet SS Badger State was a US Maritime Commission C-2, launched in February 1944 as the transport USS Starlight (AP 175). Of the 320 men killed in the explosion, 202 were the African-American enlisted men who were assigned the dangerous duty of loading the ships. At the end of the month, the South Vietnamese defenders before Saigon gave way in the face of a powerful North Vietnamese offensive. All 320 men on duty that night were killed instantly. Mount Hood Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, date unknown, as SS Winged Racer, a Maritime Commission type (C2-S-AJ1) hull, under Maritime Commission contract . 0 There were 12 men on the team only 3 (including Jim) survived. She was then ordered to proceed to Hawaii via the Panama Canal. planes, food, fuel, and medical supplies. customers to serve: the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. She reached Yorktown, Va., 13 June for supply duty along the east coast from Gravesend Bay to Norfolk into September 1957. "The In the pre-buildup stage, most cargo destined for Vietnam was shipped directly from Continental US depots and vendors to west coast military sea or aerial ports. Initially, most waterborne cargo arriving in South Vietnam was received at the Saigon Port, the only port with deep draft piers except for a small two-berth pier at Cam Ranh Bay which had been constructed in 1964 under the Military Assistance Program. llOl), as amended, and related statutes to aid in the development, promotion, and operation of the American merchant marine, Maritime is responsible also for the maintenance and preservation of vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). That morning the French freighter Mont Blanc, carrying 5,000 tons of TNT steamed into Halifax's outer harbor and proceeded at half speed up the narrows, while the Norwegian steamship Imo crossed the Mont Blanc's bow two miles ahead. Sea Transportation Service, and Military Sealift Command in Vietnam. After the Great War, ammunition was stored stateside, near the heavy populated communities in the east. Coast Guard buoy tenders in the Pacific made periodic trips to Vietnam installing and maintaining buoys. Destroyer Warship / Radar Picket Ship. Naval and Maritime Chronology 1961-1971. Formalized training would be an important element, and certification would be required before a loader was allowed on the docks. University and by American Merchant Marine at War **personal correspondence. U.S. A million people, maybe five millions, were awakened by the explosion that shook the houses along the marshy New Jersey shores, rattled the skyscrapers on the rock foundation of Manhattan, threw people from their beds miles away and sent terror broadcast. In this regard, Maritime develops national programs, policies, procedures, regulations, and instructions to govern the preparation, outfitting, and operation of Government-owned vessels operating under these agreements. container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; A bomb broke loose in the hold of the ship and exploded, forcing the crew to abandon ship. by air. The ship was laid down on 11 November 1944 by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, N.C.; launched on 6 January 1945, sponsored by Mrs. A. E. DeMaray; and commissioned on 21 July 1945 at Jacksonville, Florida. SEA Express was the name of the program which delivered other Naval warships were resupplied from ammunition ships which all hoped were more discreetly located. Bryan, another merchant ship, had just returned from her first voyage and was loading across the platform from Quinault Victory. Air Force munitions requirements also increased each year. At the height of the war, MSTS operated a fleet of 527 reactivated World War II ships and chartered vessels managed by offices in the United States, Japan, and South Vietnam. There were several major ammunition explosions during World War II. hY,uJ=J1G AMRB=kf6vDfV: 2ODfd{\r.Kvi]% R(K.]l%e2%\C]/s/77_~_}wz7}~;?'l[{_mXz?}{5{G/>.}?b]mSs7g_~7O__}g_}{69J~7IzAo;h3~We{o/^2o>_q5 ?Oy?Wk[?[eEx{'Z. The new T-AKE class of ammunition ship expected to enter the Fleet by 2007 is 140 ft longer than the T-AE class it is replacing. On the evening of 17 July 1944, the empty merchant ship SS Quinault Victory was prepared for loading on her maiden voyage. The AE 11 Mount Hood was a merchant acquired by USN on 28 January 1944 and converted to ammunition ship. On 27 March, a fleet of 10 cargo/transport ships, 5 tugs, and 6 barges began rescuing an increasingly desperate horde of soldiers and civilians from Danang and other ports to the south. MSTS delivered the goods "Special Express" On 26 December 1969 the Vietnam-bound ammunition ship SS Badger State, carrying 8,900 bombs and rockets equal to 2,000 tons of TNT, was rocked by explosions and abandoned by her crew in rough seas 1,500 miles northeast of Hawaii. Crew, Donald I. and Boucek, Robert J. * uncertain if Bunker Hill was in Vietnam service. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Mount_Katmai&oldid=1150353997, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 17:48. var slotId = 'div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-3-0'; In April 1967, the first deep draft vessel was discharged at the Newport facility. While operating in the Ma Cong Delta of Vietnam seal team #2 experienced an underwater explosion caused by shelling from a number of Vietnamese troops in the area. AMC sponsored a viable solution to reducing this excess N.E.W. In October 1966, at the peak of the general agency program in support of military activities in Southeast Asia, 172 vessels (161 activated from NDRF) had been assigned to 40 general agents. The Mont Blanc virtually disappeared, and the shock waves threw the Imo ashore. Pages in category "Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States" The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. The responsibility for ocean transportation of ammunition was divided between two single-manager agencies -- the Military Sealift Command (MSC) and the Military Traffic Management and Terminal Service (MTMTS). This is the largest single loss of life in the history of the Coast Guard. Flashing like fireworks, smaller explosions went off in the cloud as it rose. lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId + '-asloaded'), { attributes: true }); When requested, Maritime activates vessels from NDRF and operates them through General Agency Agreements (GAAs) for other Government agencies, principally the Department of Defense (DOD), GAAs are made between the National Shipping Authority-- established in 1951 as an integral unit of Maritime --and shipping companies, acting as general agents, to manage and operate Government-owned vessels in accordance with Government directives or with reasonable commercial practices. The MSTS Corpus Christi Bay, which housed Built by Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point Shipyard outside of Baltimore, USS SURIBACHI served with the Atlantic Fleet for nearly all of her entire service career. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Haas had served on the ammunition ship USS Mount Katmai off the coast of Vietnam during August 1967-April 1969. . During the 3-year period ended December 31, 1968, 592 of 1,405 scheduled GAA vessel sailings were delayed as a result of crew shortages. endstream endobj startxref Ammunition Ship. 1967, in an average of 23 days. evacuated about 10,000 refugees each. These procedures were modified for ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia in that MTMTS delegated its traffic management responsibility of port selection to the inventory control points, The control points determined,the quantity of ammunition to be loaded on a ship, the port, and the sailing date. By Sea, Air, and Land: An Illustrated History of the U.S. Navy and The General Agency Agreement Victory ships were retired from service in April 1970 because (1) DOD lift requirements were reduced and (2) the commercial merchant fleet had ships available in sufficient quantities to satisfy projected DOD lift requirements. Witnesses said that a brilliant white flash shot into the air, accompanied by a loud, sharp report. The industry responded in various ways, some ship operators agreeing to charter extensions, others offering additional ships for charter, and others recommending that the Command petition the Maritime Administration to activate ships from the Reserve Fleet citing the unavailability of additional ships. Between 1965 and 1969 MTMS in conjunction with the Military Sealift Command transported over 22 million short tons of dry cargo and over 14 million short tons of bulk petroleum to Vietnam. Once more homeward bound, Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 12 January 1967, arriving San Francisco on 7 February. missing in action in Vietnam compiled by Professor Michael Gillen, Pace The Navy abandoned plans to salvage the deserted and burning ship on 01 January 1970, and the vessel eventually sank. Until mid-1966, the discharging of ammunition ships in Vietnam was constrained by the fact that ammunition was removed from pallets at Continental U.S. outloading ports and loaded aboard ship by individual boxes and projectiles. USS Pyro (AE-24) set numerous performance records among ammunition ships. More generally, any general break-bulk cargo ship carrying ammunition may be considered to be an ammunition ship. Shipping: US $6.35 Standard Shipping. 22-07-2011 17:41:24 ZULU. 88 bombers, sank the ammunition-laden 7176-ton liberty ship Robert Rowan (Ship K-40) at Gela, Sicily before being driven off by antiaircraft fire. ins.style.width = '100%'; Both undergo periodic download, inspection and re-load of ammunition in the near future at Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point (MOTSU) in Wilmington, NC. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4-0'); Effective December 1966, the military was granted authority This process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not beat the pallets up. During Vietnam, MSTS first utilized The USS PYRO (AE-24) deployment history and significant events of her service career follow: AE-24 Deployments - Major Events AE-24 General Specifications Class: Nitro-class ammunition ship Complement: 331 Displacement: 8300 tons Length: 512 feet Beam: 72 feet Draft: 29 feet USS PYRO (AE-24) In planning for fiscal year 1966, the Military Sealift Command based its 13.5 million measurement ton required shipping capability on military cargo projections prepared by the military shipper services. She burned and exploded throughout the night 10-11 July 1943, revealing her cargo as an ammunition ship and furnishing a beacon for air attacks. Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents. are typically defined as explosive arcs around a particular anchorage site. The Army Watercraft Restructuring Plan (AWRP) also has major implications supporting a significant reduction in N.E.W.. She got underway for the Far East in May 1954 for a six-month tour, the first of nine WestPac deployments in the following decade, in which she alternated service on the west coast with operations in the Far East. In October 1966 the converted Liberty ship SS Benjamin Chew and During underway replenishment, ships transferred fuel or supplies by shooting lines across to other ships while maintaining speed and course. This page is not available in other languages. Da Nang harbor was the home Naval Warfare. MV Carter was scheduled for cargo and concurrent ship maintenance cycle during the fall of 2003 (download in September and upload in December). This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. Mount Katmai was involved in normal support operation off the Pacific coast when the Korean War began. For example, one ship waited 10 days in Okinawa at an estimated cost of $70,000 to discharge 25 tons of cargo. Service was established in 1949 to provide sea transportation to the military roll-on/roll-off ships and container ships which speeded loading and unloading. The ships were constructed 1968-1972 and were initially commissioned naval ships, carrying a crew of naval personnel. Military Justice. were staffed by "civilian" crews, but carried 95% of the supplies Of 20 of 46 scheduled GAA vessel sailings from the Naval Ammunition Depot, Bangor, Washington, for the 6-month period ended October 15, 1968, 10 loaded vessels were delayed a total of 56 days because the necessary crewmen were not available at the time the vessels were scheduled to depart. Hence, the total NEW of 5 such "1000 pound" bombs would be 1925 pounds. In 1968 MSTS sealifted 19 million Ammunition ships of the United States Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ammunition_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy&oldid=588133497, Auxiliary ships of the United States Navy, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 December 2013, at 23:28. Some are Missing Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. By 1965 MSTS had 300 freighters to Freedom" bringing 300,000 refugees and 200,000 tons of Cargo from USS Yorktown (CV-10 / CVA-10 / CVS-10) Conventionally-Powered Aircraft Carrier. Was one of many MSTS ships involved in `` Passage State, and the shock waves threw the ashore... Tons per month ( AE-24 ) set numerous performance records among ammunition ships ; of Vietnam to clear piers! Categories of ships and had charter agreements with commercial shipping firms immediately passed Espionage. When she deployed to WestPac 1 June when she deployed to WestPac town! On 28 January 1944 and converted to ammunition ship Vietnamese refugees from North to South Vietnam equipment it! ( primarily Oakland ): the Army, Air Force tonnage alone increased 2,576... In February and March of 1968, receipts exceeded 100,000 short tons January... The armistice, Mount Katmai commenced an extensive overhaul period, including of! Operation off the Pacific made periodic trips to Vietnam, MSTS evacuated refugees! 2,000 coming on the docks: After shakedown and fitting out, Mount Katmai was underway from Subic on! May be considered to be an important element, and Ogden, Utah apparent that port! American merchant Marine at War * * personal correspondence 26 February 1965, the total of. Helictoper / Amphibious Assault ship period, including installation of increased communications and. 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