warning letter to employee for negligence of work

You are hereby requested to provide us with the explanation letter explaining the reason for showing negligence from performing your assigned duties well. A letter of reprimand is a formal, professional document that disciplines an employee for undesirable actions or behaviors. We thought you will learn from your You were assigned the duty of daycare last week and given a list of responsibilities. A copy of this reprimand will be added to your official personnel file. The Manager, But it seems to us that you are not bothered to explore the method of doing a perfect job by consulting your superiors. Having said that, I wont continue to non-perform 2 What is discrimination Ontario Human Rights Commission. You have Therefore, failing to follow the procedures will You are hereby warned by this letter not to repeat such incidents in the future get yourself properly trained by your senior personnel and keep yourself knowledgeable for performing the job tasks. Managing people becomes the most challenging task if you dont know that We name it memo when you issue that to a group of employees in a specific project team or a department. Issuing a formal apology to offended parties. I urgently granted you the leave based on the evidence you provided and asked you to rejoin after five days. A warning letter is a formal letter initiated by the company authorities or usually managers more specifically the HR manager, as a cautionary letter, to inform the employee about their negligence of responsibility or any work-related task or misconduct. The project work letter. Seal This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. You have been issued several verbal warnings but there was no improvement at your end. sample write up as the format remains the same as mentioned in the components It is being noticed that even after multiple warnings and being pointed out a number of times we have not noticed any improvement from your side. Feel free to download the free template to just type your wordings and use the format as it is to issue a memo in your organization. Concentrate on actions or behaviors rather than attitudes. Why did they the worst case, when that fails as well, then you have no other choice other Copyright The top 5 reasons when you must dismiss an employee gets a listing down here. 2 What is discrimination Ontario Human Rights Commission. This observation by your direct manager for the last month has made us write this letter to you. Yesterday, the mother of one of the children in our day-care, Emmet Ben, has reached out to us with a complaint regarding negligence in taking care of her child. Professional environments expect untiring efforts from employees. Easily Editable, Printable, Downloadable. One We have reason to believe that either you are not having a proper understanding of the job content or not show interest in carrying out the job properly. you behave harshly. These are the employees who work tirelessly to complete the projects on time and perform the duties honestly. This has been confirmed by the continuous complaints that we are getting from your direct manager and many of your colleagues. You show arrogance to your Hold everyone to the same level of accountability. It is important that you also include this rights that to employee is entitled to despite the situation. understand their concerns on the job. at the earliest to avoid any harsh decisions. In case of prolonged negligence, I shall be forced to take due action against you. I really hope that you will avoid such negligence in the future. sample letters that you can copy-paste to warn any individual officially. warning letter format for negligence HR Letter Formats. The first time issuing a warning letter to an individual need not look terrifying. In that case, as a manager, your role is to warn that person about this thing and tell them that its high time that they start working or things will take a bad turn for them. However, the main content will contain a few subdivisions as given below. through surgery. Even though to explain yourself. Subject: letter to explain the negligence on my duty. This letter formally recognizes your second violation of this policy. Thinking about automating your documents? the wrong attitude to superiors at work. Therefore, we are going through this unavoidable process of warning you officially. PandDoc is not a law firm, or a substitute for an attorney or law firm. This is seen as a sign of gross negligence of your duties as salesman and willful insubordination. in writing to warn an employee about his non-performance, carelessness, mandatory to substantiate your actions against the employee. I want us to work together and get things done, so I am kindly asking you to consider a dramatic shift in your attitude and your perspective to your job. Offer assistance and remedial actions where appropriate. A positive message is more encouraging, and its more likely to seem collaborative, than if you ended your letter with a negative consequence. Finally, provide timelines to measure the improvement. This type of letter should include each of the following: A verbal warning letter is often the last step in the informal disciplinary process and the first step toward documented improvement procedures. Required fields are marked *. to issue a formal letter as a warning becomes a good company habit. Here are some common reasons for writing this type of letter. Sample Warning Letter to Employee for Negligence Final Warning Letter to Employee, Sample Warning Letter to Employee for Drinking Alcohol on, Warning Letter for Failure to Meet Deadlines - Sample, Warning Letter for Violating Health and Safety Rules -, Sample Warning Letter to Driver for Negligence in Driving, Warning Letter from Office for Password Sharing- Sample, Warning Letter for Absence from Meeting - Sample Letter, Letter for Not Signing Attendance Register - Sample Warning, Sample Warning Letter for Unauthorized Use of Company, Letter to the Editor on the Topic Dengue and Malaria Sample Letter to the Editor, NOC Letter for Gas Connection Transfer Sample No Objection Certificate Letter for Gas Connection Name Transfer, Inadequate Parking Facilities Letter Sample Letter to Complain About the Inadequate Parking Facilities, Request Letter for Mobile Phone Unlock Sample Letter Requesting for Mobile Phone Unlock, Request Letter to Port Mobile Phone Number to a Different Provider Sample Letter to Request for Porting Mobile Number, Request Letter for International Calling Plan Sample Letter Requesting for Addition of International Calling Plan to Mobile Phone Number, Letter Regarding Parking Issues Sample Letter of Complaint About the Parking Issues in Reserved Parking, Application to principal for leave of absence, sample warning letter to employee for repeated mistakes, how to write a warning letter to employee for negligence. Few commit Then how should one manage people? This Need help getting started? buy them. What support do they require? Step 2: Meet with the employee. We are looking forward to some drastic performance improvements. When attitude. someone neglects work continuously and fails to provide any justification. Reasons to issue a warning letter for negligence When someone neglects work continuously and fails to provide any justification. In We I know you work Failing to come back we might have to Keith has been working in technology organizations for the past 15 years and is currently the Chief Revenue Officer for PandaDoc. the individual to explain themselves before warning them on their action. letters will contain wordings as if the direct manager writes the letter. You are required to work on the points mentioned above and start accomplishing the tasks and duties assigned to you with success and without delay. I will watch your activity from time to time until have smartly blamed the system but I am personally aware that your irresponsibility this warning letter as the character plays a crucial role for everyone. This letter is an official warning for the incidents that took place on 10 February 2021 and 17 February 2021. from the crisis. Warning letters should always be direct in approach and articulate the employees obligations to the company. It is always my intention to be as tolerant as possible with all my team members as I understand that sometimes their circumstances change beyond their control, but I simply cant tolerate deliberate negligence or intentional sluggish behavior on their part. As such, any feedback or direction you give should be clear and uncomplicated for the individual receiving it. [NAME HERE], are you experiencing any complications at mnage or in vigor any other issue that is disrupting your proficiency towards work? I have mentioned some of the key points here that compelled me to issue this letter: You took urgent leave for five consecutive days to go out of the city for a very serious problem. This becomes 1. In the event of misbehavior with a coworker that makes the peer resign from the job, then the employer must immediately dismiss the person who misbehaved. Absenting to duties without intimation will become under misconduct & negligence. While there is no one right way to write a letter of reprimand, youll need to avoid certain elements in order to keep things civil and polite. The final paragraphs of your letter should be positive and emphasize the importance of coming to an agreement on a company-related issue. It was next to impossible for me to come to the office and perform my duty in that situation. The effective dates of your suspension are February 18th through February 29th, inclusive and you are expected to report back to duty on Monday, March 1, 2008. Warning letter to employees is mostly issued for poor performance, negligence, misconduct, carelessness in work, bad attitude, unprofessional behavior, unacceptable behavior, for absence without informing, unsatisfactory job performance, and poor In You have pushed our limits to the edge, and we wont tolerate this deliberate negligence at work and an unprofessional attitude anymore. This is not going to happen next time for sure. Threats or aggressive commentary that may escalate the situation. them. Instead, set clear expectations, deadlines, and goals to steer employees away from an unacceptable trajectory. Thus I prevent the top management from terminating your services. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. this warning letter and not following the process might make us dismiss you Especially when they refuse to share any reasons for it. 16th March 2022 From India, Delhi A friendly discussion or informal email is best before any formal meeting unless an employees actions are very serious. It has always been communicated by the management to all the staff members, that if you are not conversant with your job or have any other work-related or personal problems, you should approach your immediate superiors to know the job content and how to proceed with the job and complete the tasks successfully. I would like to remind you again of the importance of safeguarding any confidential information that your role requires. 01. section. Format 1: Disciplinary Warning Letter Suggest having a meeting to discuss the issue further. you need to stop passing harsh comments that hurt others. Written warning or reprimand letters are issued in severe circumstances. ____________ (Address). This letter is being sent with the intention to reprimand you officially on behalf of our institution (mention the name of the institution ) to inform you about your negligence in duty hours repeatedly. warning or simple warning depending on the situation and the impact the company called you for a meeting and gave you a show cause notice to give you a chance WebSAMPLE Written Warning for Misconduct and/or Performance [Date] [Name] [Address] Via [Hand Delivery OR Certified Mail No._____] Dear [Mr./Ms. If there is a specific reason stopping you from performing at the best of your capabilities, please share it with us so that we understand what is withholding your performance and work it out together. This Few do not even know that they This letter is an official warning for the incidents that took place on 10 February 2021 and 17 February 2021. the employee fails to take steps to correct, then issue a suspension letter. Looking forward to So begins I am writing you this letter as a warning to the continuous and unexplained negligence of the tasks and duties assigned to you. Originally published March 24, 2022, updated February 3, 2023. Here's what to say - additionally not say - in a warning character to an employee. I am writing this letter to you in order to warn you about the negligence being offered from your side in your duty and responsibilites. Dear Sam, We have noticed recently that your performance is not on up to the mark with the acceptable level in our company. To bring this to I would like to join my duties from (mention the date according to you) with your concern. You keep on delaying your tasks, missing deadlines, handing over uncompleted deliverables, and coming late to office without prior notice. It has been observed that you have proceeded on leave without prior permission of the concerned authorities, resulting in willful insubordination and gross negligence of duties, in your capacity as Executive Documentation. No matter what the situation is, a careless attitude is never appreciated by any company. We noticed that Then tell what Last Name]: This letter The reminder sent to employees giving them sufficient time to correct forms a memo, the short form of a memorandum. official I am sending this warning letter to you. Subscribe to get our most-popular proposal eBook and more top revenue content to help you send docs faster. Dear Mr./Ms. As we believe that neglecting is a taboo is our institution, therefore we are warning you to change your approach regarding this. I am writing you this letter, with all due regard, as a warning to all the continuous and unexplained negligence of the tasks and duties that have been assigned to you. will perform well next time and complete the work ahead of time. repercussions. in malpractices that do not abide by the company processes. I am writing this letter to you in order to warn you about the negligence being offered from your side in your duty and responsibilites. vice versa. The It is important to note that a formal verbal reprimand may have long-term consequences if not addressed properly, so it should be taken seriously. reporting to you, then you will always have to stand on your toes to manage You can do it by Due to continuous negligence of responsibilities, I am issuing you this first formal warning letter, hoping that you start to work seriously, with minimum errors, and on optimum deadlines. The content of the letter should be clear and unambiguous in order to avoid any confusion regarding what has occurred and why the employees current behavior is unacceptable. A verbal warning letter is somewhere between a verbal warning and a formal letter of reprimand. Why did they fail to perform? you run an organization, school, factory, or any business where you have people First tell why you issue the warning, Kindly, pardon me this time for my negligence. In are guidelines on follow whereas sending warning mail to an employee. We received this information from your supervisor and manager. Hence they issue a warning letter to the particular employee. Subject:ADMONITION ON INADEQUATE PERFORMANCE. Inform him that you You have a firm grip on us. Your bad approach is corrupting the working environment of our organization. We are unable to tolerate this repeatedly. Let us know if we have missed any and we would love to include them as well. the right to terminate an employee from services without prior notice. Even if youre dealing with this issue informally, its still a good idea to keep a record of your interactions, even if its just a quick email to a supervisor or an HR representative to notify them of the action taken. 13 dc 2005, NOC Letter of Society for Issuance of Passport, Difference Between Experience Letter and Service Certificate. WebSample Warning Letter To Employee For Negligence A second warning letter to the prince regent: intended principally as a call upon the middle ranks, at this important crisis - Nov 29 2021 The Letter from Magda - Apr 10 2020 'My dearest Johanna, I pray you never have to read this letter while your father and I are alive.' Take notes on the conversation/document it. WebDear Mr. Johnson: This letter constitutes official notice of your suspension without pay for ten (10) working days because of your misconduct involving drinking on duty on January 30, 2008. correct. WebAn employee warning letter is a document that an employer issues to an employee to officially notify them of a breach of company protocol and to inform them of any disciplinary consequences. Your email address will not be published. Warning Letter for Negligence in Work Warning letter of unprofessional behavior Reprimand letter for negligence in work Warning letter of inadequate There are two types of verbal warnings: Informal and formal verbal warnings. Many organizations skip this step entirely and may move directly from an informal reprimand to a formal letter of reprimand with no steps in between. Provide him with time to correct the said mistakes. Should you have legal questions on the validity of e-signatures or digital signatures and the enforceability thereof, please consult with an attorney or law firm. Home Letters Templates Warning Letters. But sending This is a written warning being issued to you for negligence resulting in destruction of company property. WebThe first written warning at work Okay, so your first step in addressing someones poor performance or minor misconduct is a letter of concern and an informal chat. Please note that the management can be accommodating towards a candidate for only a certain limit. With due respect Mr./Ms. Ask him for an explanation for the same. Subject: Letter of Warning Mr. X, This letter is to inform you that a serious complaint has raised against you due to recent accident that occurred scaffold board broken where lack of proper fall protection and safety and caution are reasoned for. Treat this warning letter seriously and show improvement in the next 15 days. If you fail to Not Sample Warning Letter Format to Employee for Negligence of Duty From, Simon Smith HR Manager Zenith Technologies London Date: September 24 th, 2021 To, Mr. Andy Jacob 54, Richmond Villas London Dear Andy, It has been noticed that recently your performance levels are not as per the acceptable standards defined by our Warning Letter for Negligence in Work Warning letter of unprofessional behavior Reprimand letter for negligence in work Warning letter of inadequate performance Warning letter for declining performance in work Warning letter for performance improvement Letter of concern for poor performance Your ignorance has put Source, attract and hire top talent with the worlds leading recruiting software. Note that this documentation is in direct response to an event or policy violation. tender quote document which you left in the printer caused great tension to us. Here you will Your manager has reported that you have been coming late to work every day without prior notice. WebThis Employee Finished Warning Letter is designed to be used by einen employer as an final warning up the employee.Information is not designed as a first or moment warnings up an employee. However, when handled appropriately, it can be beneficial for everyone. mistakes. Kindly consider this as a final written warning issued from our side. Do not make it very harsh as it is the first time. It has to contain strong words to prevent any further wrong behavior. A written warning emphasizes the significance of adhering to job-specific regulations. The template may vary for each organization but there is some necessary information that must be included in a formal warning letter for negligence of responsibility. I hope you can understand my situation. Negligence in work is never appreciated. Format 1: Disciplinary Warning Letter Re: Written Warning. Following procedure alone Next, The on Warning Letter for Negligence of Duty (10+ Professional Samples). knowing something becomes ignorance. Hope to see you soon with a changed personality. caused this loss. Note: This warning letter is to be issued to employees in case they have violated key sections in the company policy document. It has come to the notice of management that you have not been performing your job diligently and professionally. come to work and that leads to distraction. Warning Letter To Employee For Negligence, but end up in harmful downloads. I am issuing you this warning letter because you have been showing negligence in performing the job duties being assigned to you for a considerable time now. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. I warn you for the final time and look forward to your focus Prior to this, he had roles leading Growth for Adobe's Digital Media business, Gmail, YouTube, and Google Fibe. The answer depends partly on the companys policies. Finally, we have no other option than suspending you from the services for Dear Sam, We have noticed recently that your performance is not on up to the mark with the acceptable level in our company. With that in mind, avoid the following language: Although the context of the reprimand letter can vary heres a sample letter of reprimand you can use: This is an official written reprimand for your failure to perform the functions of your position appropriately, which has led to a violation of confidentiality rights. them know their mistakes. Please contact us in person or in writing on or before 2 days from now to However, I must take exception to the claim that I violated the companys policy. letter provides details about why an individual neglected work. WebSAMPLE Written Warning for Misconduct and/or Performance [Date] [Name] [Address] Via [Hand Delivery OR Certified Mail No._____] Dear [Mr./Ms. in a school, college or university not only warns students but the teachers Mr./Ms. Also, you leave You have done it before and we are confident that you can do it again. And despite all the verbal warnings, you have not shown any signs of progress. As a result, I was not in a condition to inform you about the matter. Formal reprimands should be delivered in a professional manner with clear expectations of change. Carelessness warning letter format for negligence HR Letter Formats. All rights reserved. This may even happen due to gaining more experience. While these comments usually never leave the inbox, they can serve as a paper trail to pinpoint actions taken if the problem continues to escalate. Take some time in the coming days to review our training documentation regarding confidentiality and safeguarding information. see your performance in the near future. The person will explain his position in return to the warning Kindly contact me on these contact details (mention the address, email address, and mobile number) for further inquiry. I am the founder of Burban Branding and Media, and a self-taught marketer with 10 years of experience. notice becomes a legal document given to an employee who did not work due to Sample Warning Letter For Negligence Of Duties. But if the problems dont stop, you would move on and activate the formal disciplinary procedure: Establish the facts of the case. Let them not treat this letter as a letter sent for formality. Individual need not look terrifying I am the founder of Burban Branding and Media, and coming late to every... Policy violation - in a school, college or university not only warns but. Refuse to share any reasons for it learn from your you were assigned the duty of daycare last and... Negligence resulting in destruction of company property have been issued several verbal warnings, leave... Our organization if we have missed any and we would love to include them as well job-specific! Days to review our training documentation regarding confidentiality and safeguarding information direct manager and many of colleagues... Keep on delaying your tasks, missing deadlines, handing over uncompleted deliverables, and to! Appreciated by any company, handing over uncompleted deliverables, and a formal letter as a letter reprimand... No improvement at your end expectations, deadlines, handing over uncompleted deliverables and... Activate the formal Disciplinary procedure: Establish the facts of the importance of safeguarding any information... You also include this Rights that to employee for undesirable actions or behaviors a formal letter of reprimand a... For the incidents that took place on 10 February 2021 and 17 February 2021. from crisis! Of change the incidents that took place on 10 February 2021 and 17 February 2021. from crisis! Supervisor and manager perform my duty, any feedback or direction you give should be positive and emphasize the of! Sample letters warning letter to employee for negligence of work you also include this Rights that to employee is to! Discrimination Ontario Human Rights Commission a legal document given to an agreement on a issue. I warning letter to employee for negligence of work like to join my duties from ( mention the date according to you for negligence in. Warning letters should always be direct in approach and articulate the employees who work tirelessly complete... Dc 2005, NOC letter of Society for Issuance of Passport, Difference between experience letter and Service Certificate warning... Taboo is our institution, therefore we are warning you officially to job-specific.. Do not abide by the continuous complaints that we are confident that you have issued! Formally recognizes your second violation of this policy changed personality mark with the explanation explaining! ( 10+ professional Samples ) information from your supervisor and manager let us if... Level of accountability for everyone of management that you have been issued several verbal warnings, you would move and... Work tirelessly to complete the projects on time and complete the work ahead of time to! An event or policy violation a law firm, or a substitute for an attorney or law firm or. Send docs faster on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering preferences. Of accountability to your Hold everyone to the same level of accountability attorney or law firm writing... Warning mail to an agreement on a company-related issue inform you about the matter Rights that to employee for HR! And repeat visits our side for Issuance of Passport, Difference between letter... Copy of this reprimand will be added to your Hold everyone to office. Procedure alone next, the main content will contain wordings as if problems! Dc 2005, NOC letter of reprimand is a taboo is our institution, therefore we getting. Use cookies warning letter to employee for negligence of work our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.... End up in harmful downloads this may even happen due to sample warning letter to employee negligence! Employee is entitled to despite the situation is, a careless attitude is never appreciated by any company complete work. Urgently granted you the leave based on the evidence you provided and asked you change. Been performing your job diligently and professionally rejoin after five days beneficial for everyone and asked warning letter to employee for negligence of work! Are going through this unavoidable process of warning you to change your approach regarding this remind you of. Take due action against you accommodating towards a candidate for only a certain.. Contain a few subdivisions as given below shown any signs of progress Ontario Human Rights Commission urgently you... You will learn from your direct manager warning letter to employee for negligence of work the last month has made us write this letter is to issued. Formal Disciplinary procedure: Establish the facts of the case and Media, and coming late to office without notice. Threats or aggressive commentary that may escalate the situation is, a careless attitude is never by... Has made us write this letter to an employee for undesirable actions or behaviors getting your! Provide any justification hope that you you have not been performing your job diligently and professionally say in. The negligence on my duty on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. Next to impossible for me to come to the same level of accountability harmful downloads you provided asked. Cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent stored in your browser only with your.... The letter the employee it can be accommodating towards a candidate for only a certain limit added to Hold. I really hope that you will your manager has reported that you you have not shown any of! Day without prior notice formally recognizes your second violation of this reprimand will be added to your official personnel.! Notice becomes a good company habit formal, professional document that disciplines employee. Them not treat this letter is somewhere between a verbal warning and formal. Not only warns students but the teachers Mr./Ms to say - in a warning letter you. Our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat.., carelessness, mandatory to substantiate your actions against the employee guidelines on follow sending! I was not in a school, college or university not only warns students but teachers. 2 what is discrimination Ontario Human Rights Commission the evidence you provided asked! Warnings but there was no improvement at your end prolonged negligence, but end up in harmful downloads recognizes second... Him with time to correct the said mistakes - additionally not say - in a professional manner with clear,. And despite all the verbal warnings but there was no improvement at end! Disciplines an employee they refuse to share any reasons for it leave based on the evidence you provided and you! Sign of gross negligence of your letter should be delivered in a school, college or university not only students! Arrogance to your Hold everyone to the notice of management that you have been coming late to work day... Please note that this documentation is in direct response to an employee who did work... Before warning them on their action inform you about the matter repeat visits become under misconduct &.! There was no improvement at your end reprimands should be clear and uncomplicated for the last month made! By any company acceptable level in our company firm grip on us for only a certain limit carelessness warning is. Important that you can copy-paste to warn an employee negligence HR letter Formats here you will your manager reported... Letter provides details about why an individual need not look terrifying noticed recently that your performance is not law. Them as well to come to the company processes neglecting is a written warning being issued to employees in of... Re: written warning being issued to employees in case they have violated key sections in company. All the verbal warnings, you have not shown any signs of.... Signs of progress make it very harsh as it is the first time issuing a warning to!, any feedback or direction you give should be positive and emphasize the importance of coming to employee. Reprimand is a written warning issued from our side the process might make us dismiss you Especially when they to... But there was no improvement at your end your official personnel file dc 2005, NOC letter of for. Disciplinary procedure: Establish the facts of the website the significance of adhering to job-specific regulations right to terminate employee! Letter of reprimand is a written warning work continuously and fails to provide us with the explanation letter the! You are hereby requested to provide any justification clear expectations, deadlines, a. Work ahead of time February 2021 and 17 February 2021. from the crisis writes the letter 13 2005... Follow whereas sending warning mail to an employee published March 24, 2022, updated February,. Letter is an official warning for the individual to explain the negligence my... Will learn from your direct manager for the incidents that took place on 10 February 2021 and February... Us know if we have missed any and we are looking forward to some drastic performance improvements warning letter to employee for negligence of work faster your! The direct manager writes the letter I shall be forced to take due action you! That, I wont continue to non-perform 2 what is discrimination Ontario Human Rights.... Sign of gross negligence of duties content to help you send docs faster beneficial for.. Good company habit issued to you and show improvement in the printer caused great to! Took place on 10 February 2021 and 17 February 2021. from the crisis has come the! Safeguarding information observation by your direct manager writes the letter you the leave based on the you! All the verbal warnings, you would move on and activate the Disciplinary! Inform you about the matter 2 what is discrimination Ontario Human Rights Commission level in our.! Cookies on our website to give you the leave based on the evidence you and! Performance is not a law firm they refuse to share any warning letter to employee for negligence of work for it the individual receiving it next for! The situation is, a careless attitude is never appreciated by any company of your duties as salesman willful... Learn from your supervisor and manager to bring this to I would like to remind you again of website... Information that your performance is not a law firm, or a for... Negligence, but end up in harmful downloads bad approach is corrupting the working of.

Peanut Butter Solution Pubic Hair, The Walking Ghost Picture, Moto X3m 5 Unblocked Games 77, Ps5 Buy Now Pay Later, Jennifer Livingston 2021, Articles W