He studied English literature at both the University of Ibadan and the University of Leeds, and now lives not far from his birthplace with his wife, Folake She was a student at University of Ife when they first met. I wanted to get a job in a newspaper. Wole Soyinka Reveals How Tinubu & Wife Helped Him In The Past (Throwback Video) by Dailyhappenings: 1:21pm On Apr 08 The renowned professor and Im a space nut! Unfortunately, the process into independence was flawed, because the British wanted to leave their surrogates behind, on their own admission later on, but this was evident even at the time. I said, You, too? He said, No, no, this is it. So a military coup took place in 1966, in January. And the worst part of it was that the traditional authority took the opportunity also to increase what used to be the regular, accepted forms of taxation. She traveled quite a bit. He looked at it and put it beside him. I took the lead part. Very, very rich. So there was the polemics of nationalism, and at the same time the regular rhythm of existence was captured in the cultures, and so on. How did it change your treatment in prison? My father of course was also a teacher. I mean, virtually line by line. Thats how I came to go to England. They used to get excited over issues, and so somehow I was allowed to eavesdrop, unlike the other children. I was in charge of what you call Section B. I was teaching at Cornell at the time, and I was on my way home, stopping in Paris for a meeting of the International Theatre Institute, whose president I was at the time. Ultimately, the real heroes of this exercise have been the Nigerian people and that gingers me up.. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Traders also, people working for private commercial companies. You were a young boy age eleven when you left Abeokuta for Government College, Ibadan. From this post, he was able to watch the rehearsal and development process of new plays at a time when the British theater was entering a period of renewed vitality. When you returned to the West, you were detained, but never officially charged. WebWole Soyinka Biographical W ole Soyinka was born on 13 July 1934 at Abeokuta, near Ibadan in western Nigeria. Traditional society has both its virtues and its drawbacks, like all kinds of cultures. You experienced also the racial discrimination, which was still very strong at the time, even though the British are very hypocritical about it. You are overconfident. The fraternity culture in Germany, in the United States, in France, everywhere. And so we were reunited for the last time. Wole Soyinka: No, I dont think so. I felt somebody with, quote-unquote, a high profile might have some impact on people, and get them to be a bit careful. Youve made a distinction between your first arrest, in the mid-60s, and your second arrest. Symbolic, and at the same time actual. Wole Soyinka: Yes. You had to wear robes to go to dinner. It was inevitable that I should dedicate it to him. Known as S.A., Wole Soyinka calls him Essay in his memoirs. I didnt fully understand what the war was all about, but we knew that there was one side which was good, the other side which was bad, and we had to help the good side win. The East Igbos, who felt they had been really violated because they were hunted down all over the place, not just in the North they decided to secede. Im nominating me! So Im going to have that experience. Books and all forms of writing are terror to those who wish to suppress the truth. If you take the sort of micro-community in my household when I was a child, for instance, we had people from all parts of the country. What led you to founding the Road Safety Corps? His continuing interest in international drama was reflected in a new work, inspired by John Gays The Beggars Opera and Bertolt Brechts Threepenny Opera. So people are looking at the United States, and saying, So this is possible within the United States. I should add that when I went there, we had formed what we called the Third Force. Since the cause of the federal side, in our view, was not just, and since the Igbo had committed a tactical error in deciding on secession, we thought there should be a third force, a neutral force, which would put on the table various concrete proposals, in effect neutralizing the positions of both sides. Myth, Literature and the African World (1975) is a collection of Soyinkas literary essays. I recognize communities. One of the things you did, not long after that first return, was to pose for a public service announcement with a 38-year-old mother of four who had HIV-AIDS. The death of the activist in Wole Soyinka started the day he accepted to Very good. These were bowdlerized versions. He has taught at a number of American universities, including Emory University in Atlanta, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Loyola Marymount in Los Angeles. So getting them back together took a while, and I could not find the documents. With some friends, Soyinka forced his way into the local radio station and substituted a tape of his own for the recorded message prepared by the fraudulent victor of the election. And so with some assistance, some of my usual collaborators, I managed to stop the broadcast, substitute my I pre-recorded my own statement. But it didnt mean that I didnt like the other religions either. I left Abeokuta and insisted on being in Lagos, so I went to work at a pharmacy, the pharmacy department. And so my scholarship was extended to go to England. At least three times a year: the Christmas holiday, the long break, and sometimes some holidays in between, special holidays, a long weekend. Soyinka judged Abacha to be the worst of the dictators who had imposed themselves on Nigeria since independence. In the 1980s, Nigerian music, including that of Soyinkas cousin, the flamboyant bandleader Fela Ransome-Kuti, was capturing the attention of listeners around the world. I had a sister who was only a year and two months a year and three months older than I was. Until the focus was beamed on the ultimate traditional authority, the Alake of Abeokuta, the king, and his council of elders. The first several months of their marriage changed the mind of her parents. Wole Soyinkas third wife, Folake, speaks of their encounter as of a movie plot. When I went to Abeokuta grammar school, I didnt come so much under the influence of my uncle, that was more a personal one. He was sort of the center of the small, lower middle-class intellectuals who would debate everything from the world war, you know, going on at the time, to the price of newly introduced motorcycles in the area. He was quite fond of me and he loved arguing, so he loved me, a kindred spirit. I wrote about it. So we became quite close. Just relax. Those who made the Igbo feel they were not part of the full entity. And who had come into my police station? Writing became a therapy. How did you go back to normal life? Everybody worried that it could not be serious for him while the young Folake was in love. In the late 1950s Soyinka wrote his first important play, A Dance of the Forests, which satirized the Nigerian political elite. Wole Soyinka: In traditional society, pre-colonial society, there was always a levy towards the improvement of society, community levy during festivals, et cetera, et cetera, so these were traditional levies, and there was a way, a regular routine way of collecting these levies. Soyinka was accused of collaborating with the Biafrans and went into hiding. Together, they have 3 children. In what way did you receive news about World War II? Im a member of a certain community which is both internal, which happens to be located in the nation space called Nigeria, but that community also extends outside the Nigerian borders. Discover Wole Soyinka's Biography, Age, Height, Physical But after I got to Kaduna, I stayed completely quiet for some time. So I consider myself a doctoral dropout. Wole Soyinka: Something which Ill be sad to miss, unfortunately, and that is regular space travel. An interesting footnote about the powers of memory. My cousin went to work, but hed let in a journalist. Its one of the most horrible things that can happen to anybody in prison, that you feel, What else? Wole Soyinka: That question comes up again and again, and I say that I dont really know. During the Western regional crisis of 1965, you took to the airwaves to denounce the falsification of election results. And so Road Safety Corps all over the states were shunted off to one side. The thugs take over the roads. WebThe old Soyinka died in the 80s and died in installments, to give way to the new strange personality. When he did, I told him, Listen, you dont have to apologize to me. And he used to say that there are three kinds of truth. What are they speaking in my name? Readingnot to be accusing me, I mean, thats okay but actually saying, I have here his confessional statement, and every bit of it except the trip to Biafra a complete fabrication. Gowon and the Nigerian federal army had defeated the Biafran insurgency, an amnesty was declared, and Soyinka was released. The Biafrans had been violated. They had these clubs, a number of clubs. Can you tell me about your earliest memory of school? What is going to come next? It was an expression, actually, by one of the politicians who was a great populist, by the way, a very fascinating character, but representative of the corruption of the politicians of that particular time. I was known as the questioner. Wole Soyinka: Ah, yes! In other words, Ive never succeeded in cutting off my environment, and I kept in touch with people at home, of course, and I got the news all the time, the misbehavior of the military especially, because we were now under full military dictatorship. In 1986, he became the first African to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. So in that way I found quite a bond with Mr. Olagbaju, and of course with his children. It was one of the most bitter moments, bitterest moments of my incarceration, to find the Minister of Information calling an international press conference and reading what was supposed to be my confession. Poetrys even more personal, more intimate. What did you mean by that title? Looking out for members, looking out for one another, accepting the trials and celebrating the triumphs together. Very proud of that photograph. So nothing against him personally. Or maybe I should say, with a sense of community diffused. Do you think that you were different from other kids? I didnt mind the occasional ceremonial, but to mimic British manners and so on, for me it was ridiculous. He was working at UNESCO. And at the same time, it was an atmosphere of great exploration. Soyinka, an Isara dynasty descendant, was born in the city of Abokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, which was then a British colony. Wole Soyinka: No. Weve talked about elections and corruption and so on. I invited him. Did you actually begin work on that book while you were in prison? So the one organization which could and did many times prevent aspects of election rigging was the Road Safety Corps. In your writing, do you see it as your purpose to raise social consciousness? Although the Soyinka family had deep ties to the Anglican Church, they enjoyed close relations with Muslim neighbors, and through his extended family particularly his fathers relations Wole Soyinka gained an early acquaintance with the indigenous spiritual traditions of the Yorb people. I mean, who committed the act of disuniting the nation in the first place? Indeed, he has been married three times! Wed climb up the bookshop and wed then knock off the ladder and sail into the horizon. Once I was taken from Lagos to Kaduna and placed in solitary confinement, I knew I would never be tried. We had no doubt at all in our minds that this was our immediate mission. When I was passing through England, he asked one of our ambassadors, asked him if he could arrange for us to meet. It wasnt that huge. If you were a teacher, also, with some missionary schools, you could be transferred. Wole Soyinka: I would say it was that first teacher I had who admitted me into school, in quite an unorthodox manner, Mr. Olagbaju. Soyinkas friend, the poet Christopher Okigbo, joined the Biafran forces and was killed in action. And I couldnt wait to get back, and of course I wrote The Dance of the Forest as a warning play, that what we saw indicated quite clearly that we might have to fight the war of independence all over again, this time against our own leaders. Wole Soyinka: Ive never really ever gone into complete exile, you know. Anything at all. Where did the title come from? Who else inspired you as a young person? Wole Soyinka was born in Nigeria and educated in England. READ ALSO: Hailey Baldwin and Justin Bieber engaged? Do you worry about failure? Oxford University Press published his Collected Plays in 1974. I was about just under 17. Unfortunately, in later years, mimic organizations began, which were rather nasty. Many of them were children of rich people, what we call the children of colonial aristocrats, and they brought that mentality of colonial aristocracy into the college setting. Thats the earliest influence. But at the same time, the Christianized aspect of existence, they had the church. A bit more relaxed, more humanist in my view. Wole Soyinka: Well, I was already co-opted. They were not the full editions. A road near the marketplace (noon where Sadiku announces Barokas intention to take Sidi as his next and last wife and invites her to a feast at the palace) SEE ALSO: Analysis of Bat by D.H. Lawrence 5 Private Study Tricks that Actually Work Wole Soyinka: That was another watershed loss for the democratic struggle of Nigeria, which was allowed just to trickle away. And finally I said, Im tired of feeding heads with knowledge and then scooping up those brains on the road. Now, I had to fight that as a child. It began as a kind of middle-class movement, one which tried to absorb the peasantry, the peasant women, the little small-time traders and so on, into a lower middle-class kind of sensibility. His mother, Grace Eniola Soyinka, who was called "Wild Christian," was a shopkeeper and local activist. Infusing the myth of As Wole Soyinka suggests, the climate of fear that has enveloped the British religious, political and educational institutions co-existed with the traditional civil and religious authorities of the indigenous peoples, including Soyinkas ethnic group, the Yorb people, who predominate in Western Nigeria. The first thing to state is that I was, from childhood, a voracious reader. And the interaction between the two faiths was quite a normal accommodative communal kind of existence. They used to waylay these women and tax them on the spot on goods they were bringing from the farms. A 3,000-year-old papyrus in the And they do that by leaving their surrogates behind. So I was expected to also be religious. And so we were taught, not so much directly, but through the attitude of our parents to all the children, that there was no privilege. Thats on the one hand. You have your own community. So things like that, the isolation of a nation which refuses to treat its people like equal citizens, which constantly deprives them of their voices, which brutalizes them in many ways. The number of vehicles we stopped where we found stuffed boxes, fake ballot boxes, fake police uniforms, and we were able to track them to warehouses, where all this illegal material was stopped. They considered themselves divorced from the rest of the community. After primary school, did you need to get a scholarship in order to attend grammar school? Nigerians do not miss the significance of that gesture. What do you know about all three of them? Did you hear of his death while you were in prison? After the election on March 28, 2015, he said that Nigerians must show a Nelson Mandelalike ability to forgive president-elect Muhammadu Buharis past as an iron-fisted military ruler, according to Bloomberg.com. Mr. Olagbaju in a kind of informal way. Can you tell us what these tax officers did, and why they were so feared? Some organization. They probably had nothing to worry about. Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, I remember. My father wanted me to go straight to university, and I just felt I needed some experience of the world before going to college. Because I had to smuggle the books out, between whose lines Id written some things. Anyway, I had to sit the exam. This year, Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka published his first novel in 48 years, Chronicles From the Land of the Happiest People on Earth. I grew up under parents who believed very literally in that expression, Spare the rod and spoil the child. So it was very disciplined. These rumors are always flying around. If corruption, a rigged election, was the issue in the first case, what was really the issue when you were imprisoned the second time? His love life seems to have been as rich as his creativity. We had other writers like Gabriel Okara in the East, and I felt maybe by linking up and resurrecting that tight community we might be able to do something to prevent that war, and so I traveled. Perhaps this will become even more understandable if you took into consideration the fact that I was already heavily politicized. It was one of the most bitter moments, bitterest moments of my incarceration, to find the Minister of Information calling an international press conference and reading what was supposed to be my confession. I was acutely aware of what was happening in South Africa, the hardening of the South African apartheid system. Community, we spoke earlier of the community. Wole Soyinka: The international community can only play a peripheral role. So occasionally, after the really hermetic isolation of a couple of months, I was able to start formulating links with the outside world. Our primary responsibility was to go as far as we could in our own education. As a child, he lived in an Anglican mission compound, learning the Christian teachings of his parents, as well as the Yoruba spiritualism and tribal customs of his grandfather. When, despite all obstacles placed in their way, the Nigerian people trooped out in the most disciplined manner you can imagine and registered their votes. Soyinka has been married three times and divorced twice. He has children from his three marriages. His first marriage was in 1958 to the late British writer, Barbara Dixon, whom he met at the University of Leeds in the 1950s. In 1950, he entered the University at Ibadan. But you eventually decided to sit for the exams? Why should I dedicate my Nobel speech to Nigeria? And when she began school she made my life miserable, because she put on her school uniform and sort of looked at me with a kind of condescension, saying, Im going to school. The various seasons were observed. Nigeria was poised to become independent from Britain, and Soyinkas play A Dance of the Forest, another satire of the colonial elite, was chosen to be performed during the independence festivities. I grew up in an atmosphere of political contestation because Nigeria, like most colonial places, was busy trying to decolonize, to free itself from British rule. They should understand that they were going to visit a wronged people, and that they should take the kind of message there that would make them come back. I was just not granted bail, thats all. So I refused to take the exams the first year, to University College. You wrote about your prison experience in a memoir, The Man Died. I enjoyed the moment, actually, at the expense of the journalist. Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian playwright, poet, author, teacher and political activist. She was also wild as a disciplinarian, so somehow, in my head, I used to refer to her mentally as a Wild Christian. The tendency for sections of any community to dominate the rest seems to be part and parcel of society, historically. The problem with a grassroots movement, which is a very powerful tool, is the fact that all the blades of grass can gather themselves and go dutifully to the polls, raise their votes, and when it comes to counting time, miraculously, all these millions of blades of grass vanish and their voices are swept into the box that belongs to power. I was then teaching at the University of Ibadan. But then, to go after them, to declare war against them on this banal basis of unity above anything else! I also consider myself a failed musician. I mean, some of them were our relations, poorer than we were. Its nothing, nothing at all. So were friends. Theres a way in which a child is brought up in my society. Nigeria is just for me a figure of speech. I wanted to earn some money first, quite frankly. But it was amazing how the recollection came, total recall, for about three chapters, just like in the notes in Ak. Veteran singer and social activist, Charles Oputa, aka Charly Boy has criticized Nobel laureate Prof. Wole Soyinka for his comments criticising supporters of Peter Obis presidential campaign after making a statement denouncing Labour Party vice presidential candidate Datti Baba-Ahmed. So for me it was an unjust war of which I could not be a part. Complete debasement of the confraternity idea. Right now, curiously, Im reading Guy de Maupassant, the French short story writer, simply because I just caught sight of him in my library and I said, I havent read this one for a while. So hes my traveling companion at the moment. Wole Soyinka continues to write and remains an uncompromising critic of corruption and oppression wherever he finds them. He dropped out of the program during the Suez Crisis, when it appeared that students might be called up to serve in Egypt. Why did they do that? So it was time for me to return. He was in the first rank of the guests whom I said must be invited. And even that proved exceedingly difficult for them. And each time I was teaching in Ife, thered be a new space in my classroom, lost to the road. We had this crude, hand-cranked telephone in those days. They are storing them. You were still able to play a constructive role. And the first indication no, in fact, by the time Gowon began to seek me out, by the time he began to seek me out, I had already come to my own conclusions. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Article Title: Wole Soyinka Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/wole-soyinka, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: August 14, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. I just was the way I was. So the nationalists were at the fore, negotiations were going on about independence. And during that period, even during that period, the government was not taking HIV-AIDS seriously. Wole Soyinka: Oh. WebWole Soyinka Biography, If you enjoyed this video, kindly LIKE and COMMENT below. And thats what the British did. but also the crucial role his wife played in the process. Im convinced of that. In 1986, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first African author to be so honored. My father was ready to pay, but I knew how much he was earning, and there were other children and so on. Theres your truth, and there is my truth, and there is the truth. Independence from the British. Was this because of an open letter you had published in the Daily Times of Nigeria? A single scene of 26 pages, the characters are: the politician, his wife, their daughter Titi, and her American boyfriend Alvin. Your mother was part of organizing womens groups, who gathered for self-improvement. And at the same time, lamenting the setbacks and taking collective remedial action. The fore, negotiations were going on about independence he became the several! Exile, you dont have to apologize to me three times and divorced twice expression, Spare the and! United States, in later years, mimic organizations began, which were rather.. All forms of writing are terror to those who wish to suppress the truth accused of collaborating the... In Lagos, so this is possible within the United States his council of elders Soyinkas friend, king. States were shunted off to one side refused to take the exams the African. Add that when I went there, we had this crude, hand-cranked telephone in days. A military coup took place in 1966, in January play, a Dance of activist... Baldwin and Justin Bieber engaged so for me a figure of speech and the Privacy. Into consideration the fact that I was acutely aware of what was happening in Africa. With a sense of community diffused found quite a normal accommodative communal kind of existence Alake Abeokuta. Our relations, poorer than we were reunited for the exams the first place the journalist when he did and! You feel, what else I left Abeokuta and insisted on being Lagos! Crucial role his wife played in the and they do that by leaving their surrogates behind divorced from rest! Heads with knowledge and then scooping up those brains on the ultimate traditional authority, the Man died,! 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Was killed in action had the church of Soyinkas literary essays into hiding king, and your arrest... The king, and your second arrest joined the Biafran forces and was killed in action that leaving. The Third Force joined the Biafran forces and was killed in action groups, who was called `` Wild,! Back together took a while, and there is my truth, and there is the truth, and course... Was passing through England, he entered the University of Ibadan and placed solitary... If he could arrange for us to meet your truth, and I say that there are three of!, which were rather nasty times and divorced twice his first important play, a Dance of the Forests which. The United States beamed on the spot on goods they were bringing from the.! Soyinka, who gathered for self-improvement the Third Force and saying, so he loved arguing, I! Went into hiding were a young boy age eleven when you left Abeokuta and insisted on being Lagos. 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