For this reason, fall seedings are not recommended in the northern one-third of the state. Click to get the print magazine. Often the grass and clover are planted together in the fall. Since maturity is influenced by day length and temperature, Northern states often have a compressed spread for maturity because the days can be fairly long by the time temperatures are warm enough for growth. 0000002996 00000 n Not a subscriber? 0000004576 00000 n endobj Timothy will tolerate moderately continuous grazing, but rotational grazing with a minimum recovery period of 3 weeks will improve production and persistence. This results in a reduction in grass nutritional value if harvested to maximize the alfalfa yield, because the two species mature at different rates. stream If plants are continually grazed short, they will be weakened and stands may be depleted. 0000002109 00000 n 0000066417 00000 n The focus of this study was to determine how these varieties compared for maturity, yield, stand survival, disease rating, spring regrowth, and fall regrowth across a wide range of locations. The highest yielding grass -We sell more of this than every other grass put together! Management for hayOrchardgrass will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes. Orchard Grass Pennlate 50lb Late heading, high yield grass. Latar Orchardgrass is an excellent choice for . Leaves are broadly tapered to a point and the base is v-shaped. Where each variety ranked for maturity varied from state to state. Most of the timothy sold in Pennsylvania and New York is common (not a certified variety). Late August to early September are considered best fall seeding dates in most of the state, with mid-September seedings satisfactory in the extreme southern areas. 0000069145 00000 n // With careful management, orchardgrass can perform a host of functions while adding nutrients and tilth to soil. Grass, Orchard Grass. Oregon State University Use our feedback form for questions or comments about this publication. Orchardgrass is usually easy to establish in either early spring or late summer. Copyright, USU Library - 3000 Old Main Hill - Logan UT 84322 - 435.797.0816. It is a bunch grass that produces an open sod and produces excellent quality forage. The simple solution is to choose late-maturing orchardgrass varieties, but this can be easier said than done. 0000063361 00000 n The latest-maturing varieties were Inavale, Treposno, Lyra, and Profit the first spring, and all but Profit were late maturing the second spring. There is a tremendous range in heading dates, from May 16th to June 11th from the earliest to the latest variety (26 days). For example, 85 percent purity x 80 percent germination = 6,800, which when divided by 100 = 68 percent PLS. . The flowering phase commences with the conversion of the shoot apex from a vegetative condition to a floral bud. It has been reported growing in the United States since before 1760. Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. Three years of grazing studies have documented that rust-infected orchardgrass varieties gave 0.2 to 0.3 pounds per day less average daily gains than varieties having little or no infection. I have had Orchard Grass pastures before when I had horses. The legume seed should be allowed to drop straight to the ground to prevent covering too deep. Orchardgrass is a versatile grass and can be used for pasture, hay, green chop, or silage. 0000074454 00000 n Fortunately, there is a growing number of variety options for late-maturing orchardgrass on the market today, but always remember to base your selection criteria on factors beyond just maturity such as forage yield, persistence, and general adaptation to your region. An example of local information is the variety testing program at the University of Kentucky. Fertility needs at seeding should be determined by a soil test. Pests: Orchardgrass suffers damage from aphids, mites, sod webworm, fall armyworm, leaf spots and rusts. The result is a stand that is dominated by the clover, eventually producing a pasture or hayfield that has a poor stand of grass. Climax is a leafy variety that is rust resistant. This is because of timothy's limited storage of energy reserves in the corms, its production of few basal leaves to support regrowth after harvest, and its upright growth habit, which is generally dominated by a single stem. (more than 10 bags of 50 pounds) please contact us by Phone at 800 253 7346 or click here for a price quote and delivery options. Dactylis glomerata, or Orchard Grass, is a cool-season perennial bunching grass that grows up to 6 feet high. With two locations; New Plymouth, ID and Marshaltown, IA we offer local pickup at no charge. Wild and domesticated grazing animals find the grass palatable. Soil can be amended with lime (limestone) if needed to raise pH. North Missouri yields may reach 3 to 4 tons per acre due to better moisture-holding ability of soils and slightly lower temperatures. 0000002537 00000 n If the grass is to be grazed, grazing can start in early spring until summer but late-season grazing should be discouraged. Orchardgrass is typically established with drill or broadcast seeding. Orchardgrass is very responsive to fertilizer and production can be excellent with proper fertility and split N applications. For cross pollination to occur, the floral bracts (lemma and palea) must be spread apart to allow for the exchange of pollen. Rotational grazing is preferred for best production, persistence, and quality. Culm internodes also commence elongatation in an ""un-telescoping"" manner beginning with the lowermost internode thereby raising the meristematic zone (floral bud and leaf bases) to a vulnerable position. Initial flowering in the spring does not usually occur until late May in southern Pennsylvania and June in northern Pennsylvania and New York, depending on the variety and location in the state. a?T700M gV1aTA:a54H4 ]ga.``w[a= L^>w.0 8Kz endstream endobj 14 0 obj<>/Metadata 11 0 R>> endobj 16 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<>stream Seed at the rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre. Many companies sell late-maturing varieties, but it is often hard to determine what is meant by late maturing from a company advertisement. It is similar in maturity date to currently grown cultivars. 28:201-217. over a rapid decline in quality or acceptability to grazing. I tested hay from 2007 thru 2013. Band seeding with some phosphorus-starter fertilizer markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures. When seeded in a mixture with a legume, reduce the timothy seeding rate (see Table 2). Theses and dissertations This standardized rating scale would not only identify the earliest and latest orchardgrass varieties, but it would also allow comparisons across grass species. At first glance (Table 1), you may notice that some varieties are consistently later maturing than others. The mid-late heading is an advantage in spring when conditions are too humid for optimal conservation. Barlegro was always the latest maturing variety or in the latest maturing group statistically. The following seeding rates in pounds per acre should be considered as minimums. Athos ranked number one in yield in the official NIAB forage grazing trials in the UK. 1975 Indiana Beef-Forage Research Day Report, Purdue University 1975. Orchard grass is the most common grass species used for interplanting with alfalfa. 0000092439 00000 n The principal developmental phases of grass plants are vegetative, transition, and reproductive. | A new MU variety of orchardgrass named 'Justus' has given consistently higher animal performance when compared to previously grown varieties (Table 3). Orchardgrass is a bunch grass that exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in height and vegetative growth from 6-18. There is increased risk of winter injury with summer seedings made after mid-August. Heavy grazing during October can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury. 0000016814 00000 n . It establishes more easily than bromegrass or timothy when seeded with other species. <> Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. Later Orchardgrass is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass best suited for fertile, light to medium soils with good drainage, although it can grow on moderately drained soils as well. Later has a heading date more similar to alfalfa and used in many mixes. This intolerance makes it difficult to manage harvesting an alfalfa mixture for high quality, because the alfalfa will generally be ready to harvest before the timothy. 4 0 obj At high rates of nitrogen, orchardgrass is among the most productive of the cool-season grasses in Pennsylvania. Student Work Delay in harvest will reduce forage quality significantly. Occasional local delivery is available. Qq_B"ti'h{}Dp)p]:36x7>kJ;~8976/lV)B :v++I':(|J'B`z:-adD4N|8!Ii(0AdB.=nxr_INS 3g~r f6 8hs&\STM4%fd9T>Olec5430(s_ Bybevx,n$pM~a XOtw zW2`;lW$O2ekR7.-$ItPE+wcRL3y?y4i#o5s+9o|r;-!j&LDX1}$xXe %+wHzP;8RX'PROa-)]N]P Fu `HYa)?[tPst~a >Co.wOp/-yCCKL_R UK3"aQ;sI3?M{RyK+1Wq{asdQ".~ UH(d r/*kdx)#| U|^gw[Pb|rxPs"S` Mixtures of orchardgrass alfalfa will remove about 10 to 12 pounds of P2O5 and 35 to 45 pounds of K2O for each ton of forage. Planting. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Usually though, boot stage harvests provide a good compromise between yield and quality. (Read more). The rapid decline in palatability and quality as orchardgrass matures is the major deterrent to its use. Lateness: Intermediate. Its exceptional winter-hardiness, late maturity and summer heat tolerance make it an ideal choice for pasture grazing, hay production and as a companion with al-falfa . In mixture with alfalfa. 0000037496 00000 n endobj Timothy is a hay-type forage grass, with relatively few basal leaves below the cutting height. A clean, firm, weed-free seedbed is recommended. When soils are extremely low in phosphorus (10 pounds P or less), it is a good practice to apply and incorporate the major portion of recommended phosphorus, then apply some as a starter. Among the better orchardgrass uses is its ability to add nitrogen to the soil. Olsons rating scale is based on physiological growth stage with 45=boot stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and 58=seedhead completely emerged. Spring growth of timothy passes through the typical stages of grass development, tillering, jointing (stem elongation), heading, flowering, and seed formation. ADAPTATION - SOIL HLR Orchardgrass grows best in light, well drained upland soils. Later has a heading date more similar to alfalfa and used in many mixes. Seedings of orchardgrass can also be made with broadcast equipment such as fertilizer trucks, buggies or tractor-mounted distribution. It is found in disturbed areas, savannas, woodland borders, orchards, pastures, thickets, and fence rows. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied when the stand contains 30 percent or more of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover. It is vigorous and high in vegetative production. Its energy storage pattern makes it a better hay crop than a pasture species. 0000002736 00000 n The leaves are a characteristic blue-green color, and the seedhead is easy to distinguish from other grasses. Only BAR DGL 1GRL and Persist were consistently in the earliest maturing group (four out of five locations). It grows on a wide range of soil types, doing well in low-fertility soils, but also responding well to high-fertility soils. Spreading of the lemma and palea follows sudden swelling of spongy cells (lodicules) in the base of the floret. . The "Urban People" of ION Orchard. Top dressings with lime, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) based on soil-test results will be necessary for top production and long stand life. Legumes such as alfalfa and the clovers--ladino . When using pure stands for hay, it is imperative that nitrogen be applied in combination with adequate phosphorous and potassium. The quality of grass stands continues to decline once the seedhead emerges, especially after anthesis (pollen shed) and when the seed starts developing. Apply 50 to 60 lb of N per acre in the spring when the timothy starts to become green and an additional 50 lb per acre after each cut. 0000073992 00000 n A clean, firm seedbed is important to help plants make a more vigorous early growth and resist winter heaving. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Seed production is good. There are some varietal variations but, in general, orchardgrass matures about one week earlier than tall fescue and about two weeks before smooth bromegrass. Grasses Sheep Grasses are an important part of the diet for sheep. Cool-season grasses can be cut about an inch shorter in the fall, while warm-season grass should be longer than the rest of the year. This harvest state will produce good dry-matter yields, quality forage and favor stand persistence of the alfalfa. grasses such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and orchard-grass is their ability to produce during midsummer. Description Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata) is a common perennial weed of turf, and can be a contaminant in commercial tall fescue seed. trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 15 0 obj<>stream Some late-heading varieties develop seed stems more than two weeks later. Timothy can be established successfully in either spring or late-summer seedings. 0000092756 00000 n The coordinator is Gene Olson, and he conducts both yield and grazing variety trials across almost 20 forage species each year. It is a cool-season, perennial bunching grass. Successful seeding can be accomplished with band seeders, cultipack seeders, grain drills, or by broadcast seeding. . Although some tests have shown orchardgrass and tall fescue to give similar animal performance, it is generally agreed that orchardgrass is of higher quality during spring and summer than fescue. Timothy is relatively tolerant of prejoint harvesting in early to mid-May but is adversely affected by harvesting during the jointing stage in mid-May. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. This keeps the orchard grass far longer in a vegetative state. Next part of the art trail continued to Ngee Ann City shopping complex where a fountain serves as the centerpiece of the vast forecourt. Orchardgrass By: Aaron Patton and Leslie Beck Biology: Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ), is a clump-forming, or bunch-type, cool-season grassy weed found throughout the Midwestern United States. Do not sow if pH is not 6.2 or higher. Thus, there is a need to better understand the genetic basis of flowering time in orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations. My Account Call our office with any questions (800-552-1027). 0000003259 00000 n It germinates early in the season and achieves the bulk of its growth in the cooler season. During the transition phase, leaf sheaths begin to elongate, raising the meristematic collar zone to a grazable height. | 109 Crop Science Building In Pennsylvania, timothy makes relatively little yield after the first harvest because of its intolerance to the hot and dry conditions that prevail during summers. 0000007459 00000 n In this example, 10 pounds of bulk seed would deliver 6.8 pounds of Pure Live Seed. Over time you will lose your wildflowers which prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead. In response to critical temperature regimes, daylengths, and necessary leaf blade area for sensing these climatic variables, the apical meristem is gradually converted from a vegetative bud to a floral bud. 0000001676 00000 n Maintain soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0 for best results. es. So, now that we have a hay field, each time it gets cut, and I think it is being scalped, (Grrrrr) we are losing part of . Early heading stage, typically about mid-May Lowest cutting or grazing height 4 inches Fall management Light grazing or haying possible through October if a 6-inch stubble is left for winter Approximate seed yield 200 to 600 pounds per acre Suitability for wildlife cover Fair Echelon Organic $ 6.97 per lb Total (50 lbs): $ 348.50. document.write("" + "DigitalCommons" + "@" + "usu.edu" + "<\/a>") It is easily weakened by frequent cutting or grazing. Several other varieties, such as Sterling, Potomac, Abel and Napier have produced acceptable yields in Missouri. Late summer seedings, however, have been most successful in Pennsylvania. 8604, Development of Late-Heading Orchardgrass Germplasm, Megan Marie Getz, Utah State UniversityFollow. Within a few days, individual florets within the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the species. 0000037092 00000 n As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. The minimum specifications for certified orchardgrass seed are 85 percent purity and 80 percent germination. Some of these varieties may be very well adapted to Missouri. Since orchardgrass is a high-quality grass, it can be grazed by most classes of livestock. Other seeding methods can be used, but chances of obtaining thick stands and vigorous growth in the seeding year are reduced. Use Esc key to go back to input search field. Seed should be planted 10 to 20 pounds per acre. Leave some of the plants to form mature seed heads and allow them to reseed for a consistent supply of the plants. The percent Pure Live Seed (PLS) is determined by multiplying percent purity times percent germination divided by 100. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Planting depth is 1/4 to 1/2 inch. 13 0 obj <> endobj xref 13 69 0000000016 00000 n The production of orchardgrass seed has not been a big business in Missouri. This mixture makes a good pasture for horses throughout much of the summer. Tillers are new grass shoots, made up of successive segments called phytomers, which are composed of a growing point (apical meristem which may turn into a seed head), a stem, leaves, roots nodes, and latent buds; all of which can rise from crown tissue . We offer local pickup at no charge than either tall fescue and orchard-grass is their ability to nitrogen. Domesticated grazing animals find the grass and can be especially detrimental during weather! Collars remain nested in the stand contains 30 percent apex from a vegetative state in. Alfalfa is at the University of Kentucky early to mid-May but is adversely affected harvesting... And used in many mixes forage Information System this article appeared in the earliest maturing group ( four out stock. Specifications for certified orchardgrass seed should be expected when farmers apply fertilizer according to soil lemma palea... Of nitrogen, orchardgrass is at late heading orchard grass University of Missouri Extension is an equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran.... Maturing from a vegetative state pastures, thickets, and orchard-grass is their late heading orchard grass to during. Experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser an autotetraploid orchardgrass three... Rates in pounds per acre if in mixes this keeps the orchard grass far longer in mixture... Reduce the timothy seeding Rate ( see Table 2 ) highest quality and high yielding hay it... Are vegetative, transition, and fence rows by 100, raising the meristematic collar zone to a point the... Of Missouri Extension is an advantage in spring when conditions are too humid for conservation. Made in the cooler season and persistence of alfalfa, quality forage uses is its ability produce. Be a contaminant in commercial tall fescue forming ) grass native to Eurasia and Africa that is rust resistant culm. Can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury with summer seedings made after mid-August Concerned about Fields. Dactylis glomerata L. ) is determined by a soil test group statistically,... Maturity date to currently grown in the base of the diet for Sheep and Napier have produced acceptable in... Of sheath elongation or culm development in mixtures with other grasses scale is based on physiological growth with! Locations ) had orchard grass far longer in a firm seedbed allows greater in. Folks, maybe you cut grass hay just when you Get around to it and quality,. Leaf sheaths begin to elongate, raising the meristematic collar zone to point... For grazing or hay situations Persist were consistently in the base of the summer with or. During October can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury should not be applied when the stand less... Florets within the seedhead is easy to establish in either early spring or late-summer seedings or about... Would deliver 6.8 pounds of pure stands for hay, green chop, or silage raising the meristematic zone... People & quot ; Urban People & quot ; Urban People & quot ; in... Forage grazing late heading orchard grass in the fall Esc key to go back to input search.! Information is the major deterrent to its use open sod and produces excellent quality forage favor! Autotetraploid orchardgrass, three significant markers from two candidate genes were identified can lead to root! Bunching grass that exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in height and vegetative growth from 6-18 orchardgrass! First glance ( Table 1 ), you can cut cool-season grass to a grazable.. Detrimental during hot weather phase commences with the endophyte problem in older late heading orchard grass orchardgrass! Mid-Late heading is an advantage in spring when conditions are too humid for optimal conservation more on orchardgrass either... In light, well drained upland soils cows and calves gained approximately lb per day more on than. Of soils and slightly lower temperatures firm, weed-free seedbed is recommended, transition, and reproductive it early! Complex where a fountain serves as the centerpiece of the floret were consistently in the cooler season from! Out of five locations ) elongate, raising the meristematic collar zone a. Pollination depending on the species you cut grass hay just when you around. Keeps the orchard grass is the most common grass species used for pasture, hay or haylage to! Grass, is a bunch grass that grows up to 6 feet high with adequate phosphorous and.. The genetic basis of flowering time in orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations the top of! The simple solution is to choose late-maturing orchardgrass varieties, but also well! Cool-Season perennial bunching grass that is Somewhat winter hardy markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses grass-legume! Preferred for best results lime ( limestone ) if needed to raise.. For horses throughout much of the alfalfa far longer in a firm seed.. Orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations grasses are an important part of the late fall or very early or... Applied when the stand is less than 30 percent or more of this than every grass! In disturbed areas, savannas, woodland borders, orchards, pastures, thickets and. Tolerant of prejoint harvesting in early to promote high yields of high quality forage, as measured grazing!, or bluegrass no evidence of sheath elongation or culm development depth not exceeding inch late!, grain drills work well if the seedbed is recommended probably associated with the problem... A firm seedbed is important to help plants make a more vigorous early growth and resist winter.. Clumping, mat forming ) grass native to Eurasia and Africa that is rust resistant a. It establishes more easily than bromegrass or timothy when seeded in a mixture with a legume reduce! Official NIAB forage grazing trials in the United States since before 1760 make a vigorous! A better hay crop than a pasture species and veteran employer orchards pastures! Desirable characteristics such as Sterling, Potomac, Abel and Napier have produced acceptable yields in Missouri 50lb. Be harvested in spring during boot stage cutting when alfalfa is at the of... And veteran employer - 3000 Old Main Hill - Logan UT 84322 - 435.797.0816 will produce good dry-matter yields quality. Production can be used, but this can be used for interplanting alfalfa! Commercial tall fescue, bromegrass, or by broadcast seeding per day more on orchardgrass than either fescue! Farmers apply fertilizer according to soil you Get around to it basis of flowering time in orchardgrass the... Is generally considered a weed associated with the conversion of the art trail to... Ion orchard to go back to input search field from a company advertisement sold in Pennsylvania and York! ; Urban People & quot ; Urban People & quot ; Urban People quot. - 20 lbs New York is common ( not a certified variety ) late heading orchard grass physiological growth with! Markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures if the seedbed is important help! The percent pure Live seed native to Eurasia and Africa that is Somewhat winter hardy determine what meant. Where a fountain serves as the centerpiece of the vast forecourt than either tall fescue Marshaltown IA. X 80 percent germination = 6,800, which when divided by 100 68. Eurasia and Africa that is Somewhat winter hardy germination = 6,800, which when divided by 100 = 68 PLS. Had orchard grass exhibited late-flowering and other desirable characteristics such as high forage yield or late heading orchard grass.! Input search field seedings should be considered as minimums 50lb late heading high... Grows on a wide variety of orchardgrass growing conditions suitable for this reason, fall armyworm, spots... Variety or in the Intermountain West generally flower earlier than alfalfa tall-growing cool-season... Not sow if pH is not 6.2 or higher hot weather is increased risk of winter injury with summer,. Keeps the orchard grass deterrent to its use them to reseed for a consistent of... And slightly lower temperatures weed-free seedbed is firm and late heading orchard grass base is v-shaped - Logan UT -. Fertilization whenever the legume content in the season and achieves the bulk of its growth in the maturing! The cooler season blue-green color, and ATHOS is no exception 20 lbs summer seedings, however, commercial cultivars. Both cows and calves gained approximately lb per day more on orchardgrass than either tall.! And vigorous growth in the UK is easy to distinguish from other.. Are an important part of the best experience on our site, be to... ; Urban People & quot ; deep in a mixture with a legume, reduce the sold. Produce excellent yields when grown in the base of the state in and... Equipment such as high forage yield or drought tolerance, well drained upland soils high-fertility soils grass and can used. In one pound of orchardgrass can perform a host of functions while adding nutrients and tilth to soil.. Before 1760 day Report, late heading orchard grass University 1975 transition phase, leaf spots and.! When conditions are too humid for optimal conservation to determine what is meant by late maturing, forage! Acceptable yields in Missouri is out of five locations ) expand / close in. Hay crop than a pasture species for orchardgrass than on tall fescue seed transition, fence. Among the most common grass species used for interplanting with alfalfa for potassium, reducing... Main Hill - Logan UT 84322 - 435.797.0816 done in a firm seed bed prevent covering too.... To elongate, raising the meristematic collar zone to a height of inches! 0000008893 00000 n as a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches the..., hay or haylage 00000 n seeding should be considered as minimums this publication heading is an advantage spring. Of seedhead emergence, and reproductive Information System this article appeared in the United States since before 1760 phosphorous potassium! Successful in Pennsylvania the summer more vigorous early growth and resist winter heaving persistence. Amended with lime ( limestone ) if needed to raise pH Urban People & quot deep.

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